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Expression of a bacterial lysine decarboxylase gene and transport of the protein into chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco (1991)

Herminghaus, S. ; Schreier, P. H. ; McCarthy, J. E. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 475-486

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ISSN: 1573-5028

Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; plant transformation ; gene expression ; bacterial lysine decarboxylase ; protein transport ; chloroplasts ; cadaverine

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract A possible approach for altering alkaloid biosynthesis in plants is the expression of genes encoding key enzymes of a pathway such as lysine decarboxylase (ldc) in transgenic plants. Two strategies were followed here: one focused on expression of the gene in the cytoplasm, the other on subsequent targeting of the protein to the chloroplasts. Theldcgene fromHafnia alvei was therefore (a) placed under the control of the 1′ promoter of the bidirectional Tr promoter fromAgrobacterium tumefaciens Ti- plasmid, and (b) cloned behind therbcS promoter from potato fused to the coding region of therbcS transit peptide. Bothldc constructs, introduced intoNicotiana tabacum with the aid ofA. tumefaciens, were integrated into the plant genome and transcribed as shown by Southern and northern hybridization. However, LDC activity was only detectable in plants expressing mRNA under the control of therbcS promoter directing the LDC fusion protein into chloroplasts with the aid of the transit peptide domain. In plants expressing the processed bacterial enzyme cadaverine levels increased from nearly zero to 0.3–1% of dry mass.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040641

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Charged membrabe ultrafiltration of inorganic ions in single annd multi-salt systems (1974)

Bhattacharyya, D. ; McCarthy, J. M. ; Grives, R. B.

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell

AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 1206-1212

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ISSN: 0001-1541

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: An experimental study of the ultrafiltratin of several ionic inorganic soluted, using a negatively-charged membrane, is detailed. Both single salt and multi-salt systems are investigated in a continuous flow, thin chappel unit, with and average transmembrane pressure difference of 2.76 × 105N/m2 and a channel Reynolds number of 2800, The solute rejection is predictable to some extent in terms of Donnan ion exclusion theory, and the water flux is dictated by the combined effects of osmotic pressure and membrane-cation interaction.In the single salt experiments, the anion rejections can be related to the inlet (feet) concentration by power functions of the form: rejection = 1 - K Cia, in which 0 〈 a 〈 1.0. The power a is 0.4 chloride salts 0.25 fo monovalent oxyanion salts, and 0.1 fir divalent oxynion salts, but a is indepedent of the cationn present (Na+, Ca2+, or La3+). The constant K is generally a function of both the anion (except in the case of SO42-, HPO42-, and CrO42-) and the cation, being determined by such factors as sistance to water flux is found to depend on cation charge and cation radius. For systems containing two or more salts, the presence of a divalent anion decreses the rejection of the monovalent anion. For multi-salt systems, a rejection of Ca2+ plus Mg2+ of 0.82 and a water flux of 12.9 × 10-4 cm/s (27.2 gal/ft2-day) are achieved at a transmembrane pressure difference of 4.10 × 105 N/m2 (4.1atm), indicating that the process has considerable potential for industrial water softening.

Additional Material: 7 Ill.