Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 23 (1990), S. 469-475 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small- and intermediate-angle neutron scattering studies have been undertaken on mixtures of deuterated and protonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) molecules with a wide range of concentration. The samples were converted to random copolymers by transesterifying in the melt, thus removing the coherent component of the intensity associated with single-chain scattering. The transesterified samples were used to determine the level of incoherent scattering associated with each isotopic mixture which was compared with estimates from established background-correction techniques based on extra-polating from the scattering of fully protonated or deuterated blanks. Scaling via the measured sample transmission works well for predominantly protonated mixtures but fails when the fraction of deuterated polymer exceeds φD 0̃.6. Scaling via the component of the sample transmission attributable to the incoherent scattering from H nuclei works well over the whole concentration range. This method involves calculations of the sample transmission via the bound-atom cross section and this is a good approximation at the wavelength employed (λ 4̃.75 Å), where the hydrogen incoherent cross section is close to the bound-atom cross section (σH 8̃0 × 10−28 m2). However, σH is a strong function of wavelength and the method cannot be used where the measured and calculated transmissions diverge. A recently developed theory describing the scattering from random copolymers was used to analyze the residual coherent cross section of the copolymers and led to a statistical segment length b = 14.3 ± 1 Å, in good agreement with existing values for PET.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 93-97 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An expression for the scattering from a regular stack of lamellae is developed, maintaining an absorption term in the calculation. The effect of the absorption is to broaden peaks at small Bragg angles. The peaks sharpen with increasing order of diffraction. An expression for the lower angular limit of observable diffraction is evolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 27 (1971), S. 179-183 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An expression for the scattering of X-rays from a regular stack of lamellae is developed, releasing the prior restraint that no refraction may occur. The effect of refraction is to cause deviations from the classical Bragg condition. Further, a condition of total reflection is shown to occur within systems whose lamellar spacings are greater than a critical value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 251 (1973), S. 193-214 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine experimentelle Apparatur sowie ein Verfahren wurden entwickelt zur Untersuchung der Kristallisation von Polyäthylen aus Lösungen, welche oszillatorischen Dehnströmungen mit konstanten Dehngeschwindigkeiten unterworfen waren. Untersuchungen der resultierenden Fasermorphologie, die aus Versuchen mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und Dehngeschwindigkeiten resultierten, ergeben ein perlen- und kettenförmiges Erscheinungsbild der Faser. Prüfung des Schmelzverhaltens, der Säure-Ätzbarkeit und der selektiven Löslichkeit der Faser erlauben den Schluß, daß das Faserwachstum in einer Art und Weise vonstatten geht, die sofort zur perlen- und kettenförmigen Morphologie führt, und daß diese Morphologie nicht durch sekundäres, epitaxiales Kristallwachstum entsteht, wie man bisher annahm. Auf der Grundlage der experimentellen Ergebnisse wurde ein Modell für den Wachstumsprozeß vorgeschlagen. Fernerhin wird der Beweis erbracht, daß in gewissen Temperatur- und Deformationsgeschwindigkeits-Bereichen eine trikline Phasentransformation während des Fließprozesses vonstatten geht. Zwei unterschiedliche Schmelzeinheiten werden erzeugt, welche von der Dehngeschwindigkeit abhängig sind, ein Ergebnis, das in Einvernehmen mit früher veröffentlichten Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Dehnbeanspruchungen auf das Verhalten von festen Polymeren ist.
    Notes: Summary An experimental apparatus and technique were developed for studying the crystallization of polyethylene from solutions undergoing an oscillatory, constant stretch rate, extensional flow. Investigation of the resulting fiber morphology, obtained at various temperatures and stretch rates, shows that the fibers exhibit a bead and stringlike appearance. Study of the melting, acid etching, and selective dissolution behavior of the fibers leads to the conclusion that fiber growth occurs in a fashion which directly results in the bead and string morphology and that the morphology is not a result of secondary, epitaxial crystal growth as previously believed. A model for the growth process, as suggested by the data, is presented. Evidence is also presented to suggest that at certain temperatures and stretch rates, a triclinic phase transformation occurs during the flow process. The effect is to produce two separate melting entities which appear to be stretch rate sensitive, in line with previously published studies on the effects of stretching on the behavior of bulk polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 4427-4439 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microstructure and fracture mechanical behaviour of injection-moulded, longer glass fibrereinforced polypropylene (Verton* aspect ratio ≈ 320) were studied as a function of fibre volume fraction and compared to that of shorter fibre-filled polypropylene (aspect ratio ≈ 70). Toughness was measured using instrumented notched lzod and falling weight impact tests, as well as compact tension specimens. It was found that the addition of longer fibres generally increased the toughness of the material, although more significant increases were seen in the impact tests than were seen in the compact tension test. For the latter results, a correlation between toughness improvement and microstructural details was performed on the basis of the microstructural efficiency concept, a semi-empirical approach of the formK c,C = (a* +nR)K c,M, where,K c,C andK c,M are the fracture toughnesses of the composite and the matrix, respectively,a* is a matrix stress correction factor,n is a scaling parameter andR is a fibre reinforcement effectiveness factor. The latter corrects for differences in the composite microstructures, and incorporates effective fibre orientation factors, layering of injection moulded parts, and fibre volumes in the different layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2421-2427 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Isotactic polypropylene (PP) with different concentrations of mica (20, 40 and 60% by weight) were prepared by injection moulding under identical conditions. The influence of mica concentration on the microstructure and fracture propagation in the composites was investigated. Microstructural studies revealed that mica concentration influences the flake orientation and alters the skin-core zone thicknesses. Virgin PP and its composites with mica exhibited brittle failure at −30° C. At 25° C, all the composites showed stable crack growth, even with 60% mica loading. At 80° C the composites exhibited stable crack growth but the ductility decreased with increasing mica concentration. The influence of mica content, as well as temperature, on normalized modulus and the fracture toughness (K c) of the composites were studied. This study attempts to correlate mica concentration and polymer morphology with fracture propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2411-2420 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Isotactic polypropylene (PP) composites with 40% (by weight) of different fillers, such as talc, CaCO3 and mica (325 and 1000 mesh sizes) were prepared by injection moulding. In the case of PP-mica composites, scanning electron micrographs of the polished sections revealed that flakes are oriented in the skin areas parallel to the mould surface and in the interior there is a flake distribution more perpendicular to that. The notched specimens of PP and all its composites under study were fractured at −30, 25 and 80° C. Virgin PP exhibited brittle failure at −30 and 25° C with comparatively higher values of fracture toughness (K c), and gross yielding leading to crack-blunting took place at 80° C. The fracture toughness of neat matrix and its composites were correlated with microstructural parameters. Incorporation of CaCo3 avoided the catastrophic failure of PP at −30° C while any of the fillers could avoid brittle failure at 25° C. Failure mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces. The performance of PP was significantly affected by the incorporation of fillers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2428-2432 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Composites of isotactic polypropylene and fixed weight (40%) of mica without and with different surface treatments (isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate (TTS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane) were prepared by injection moulding. The influence of surface treatment on the microstructure and fracture propagation in the composites was investigated. Microstructural investigations revealed that the surface treatments influenced the mica flake orientation, which in turn resulted in the changing of the skin-core zone thickness. The influence of the mica surface treatment was found to be insignificant at −30° C whereas at 25 and 80° C the surface treatments considerably influenced the fracture propagation. The normalized modulus and the fracture toughness (K c) of the composites were found to vary with mica surface treatments. Interfacial bonding was also found to vary with surface treatment. Schematic models for crack propagation in PP-mica composites are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1973), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of small (〈20%) strain on the microstructure of Marlex 6009 polyethylene was investigatedin situ by absolute small and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The methods of analysis given in previous papers by Kavesh and Schultz were utilized. The degree of crystallinity decreased monotonically with strain. The “amorphous” density increased with strain to some 8 to 12% strain, after which the density levelled off at a value of about 0.901. The lamellar thickness was found to decrease slightly with strain while the intervening layer thickness increased. Finally, the plane of the carbon backbone rotated toward thea-c crystallographic plane as the strain increased. The microstructural effects are interpreted in the light of molecular rearrangements in both crystalline and “amorphous” zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1973), S. 525-538 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the rate of solid-state polymerization of trithiane was investigated in conjunction with calorimetric measurements of the heat capacity of the irradiated monomer as a function of temperature. It was found that the rate of change of entropy with temperature exhibited a maximum at about 175° C. The curve of per cent polymerization versus isochronal, post-irradiation polymerization temperature also peaked at some 175° C. Finally, the existence of a crystalline phase-transition in the monomer at about 194° C was discovered by DSC and was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and by optical microscopy. Two models which may interrelate this set of phenomena are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...