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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6510-6516 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tunneling measurements were performed at 4.2 K to investigate metal-insulator-silicon junctions with very thin silicon oxide or silicon nitride layers (2–5 nm) as tunneling barriers. For the measurements at 4.2 K highly degenerate P- or B-doped Si samples were used. Silicon oxide layers were produced by oxidation of Si in dry oxygen at 600 °C or by plasma deposition in an oxygen glow discharge. Silicon nitride films were prepared by nitridation in a NH3 discharge. The effects of interface states, the Si doping density, the metal of the gate electrode and the tunneling barrier material on the tunneling conductivity were studied systematically. Changes in the conductivity were found to be related to changes in the density of interface states, caused by annealing processes or by high-field stress. Vibrational modes of phonons and impurities in the structures were detected by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. Using this approach a direct correlation between the increase in the density of interface states and the decrease of the density of Si-H groups was established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: AZT prophylaxis ; Side effects Occupational exposure ; Neutropenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It was the objective of this study to document and evaluate AZT-induced short-term toxicity in healthy individuals. The study was designed as a longitudinal monocentric side-effect monitoring study with prospective data collection. It was carried out at the Cologne University Hospital. The study population comprised health care workers who were taking AZT prophylaxis after accidental exposure to HIV-infected blood. Fourteen individuals were included into the study; seven of them discontinued treatment prematurely, five due to severe subjective symptoms. In case of one worker AZT had to be stopped due to severe neutropenia (800 cells /μl) with signs of upper respiratory tract infection. Four of 11 individuals taking AZT for at least 4 weeks developed neutropenia (2 WHO I, 1 WHO II, 1 WHO III). All other laboratory parameters stayed within normal range. In particular, no anemia was observed. In conclusion: Compared with other studies more neutropenias are observed. Due to side effects 50% of the workers discontinued AZT administration prematurely. The data presented herein show that AZT causes considerable side effects which must be weighed against the potential protective antiviral effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 284 (1965), S. 316-326 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 22 Herz-Lungen-Präparaten des Hundes wird die chronotrope Wirkung von Calcium und Magnesium untersucht. 1,8 mMol Ca++/l Vollblut haben einen Frequenzanstieg von 11,6 Schlägen/min zur Folge. Bei mehrmaliger Injektion dieser Dosis addieren sich die Frequenzzunahmen, bis die maximal wirksame Dosis zwischen 5,4 und 7,2 mMol Ca++/1 erreicht ist. Werden die Injektionen darüber hinaus fortgesetzt, so fällt die Frequenz wieder ab. Durch Vorbehandlung mit Reserpin, d. h. Entleerung der Katecholaminspeicher des Herzens, wird dieser Frequenzeffekt des Calciums nicht beeinträchtigt. Das Maximum der chronotropen Ca++-Wirkung ist durchschnittlich erst 1 min nach dem Maximum der inotropen Wirkung erreicht. Äquimolare Magnesium-Gaben (1,8 mMol) haben einen etwa gleich großen, jedoch vermindernden Frequenzeffekt. Bei wiederholter Gabe summiert sich dieser Effekt, jedoch tritt meistens nach etwa 5,4 mMol ein akuter starker Abfall der Herzfrequenz auf etwa halbe Werte ein. Dabei handelt es sich nicht um einen A-V-Block, da Vorhof und Kammer weiter koordiniert schlagen. 1,8 mMol Magnesium haben am Herz-Lungen-Präparat des Hundes keine deutliche Wirkung auf die Herzkraft.
    Notes: Summary In 22 heart-lung preparations of dogs the chronotropic effect of calcium and magnesium is studied. 1.8 mmol Ca++/l blood cause an increase in heart rate of 11.6 beats/min. Repeated injections of the same dose increase the heart rate until the maximal effective dose between 5.4 and 7.2 mmol Ca++/l is reached. Further injections result in rate decreases. Pretreatment with reserpine, i.e. by depletion of the cardiac catecholamine stores, does not influence the effect of calcium. Generally the maximum of the chronotropic calcium-effect is only reached 1 min after the maximum of the inotropic effect. Equimolar magnesium doses (1.8 mmol) have nearly the same quantitative effect, but decrease the heart rate. After repeated doses this effect sums up, but after about 5.4 mmol, it is regularly followed by an acute heavy decrease of the heart rate to nearly one half of the former values. This seems not to be an A-V-block, however, as atrium and ventricle continue beating coordinately. 1,8 mmol magnesium have no distinct effect on contractility in the canine heart-lung-preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sample size ; Quantitative trait loci ; Genotype ; Phenotypic classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we determine the minimum progeny sample size n needed to obtain, with probability α, at least m individuals of a desired two-locus genotype ℊ affecting quantitative traits. The two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of interest may be linked or independent, with or without epistatic interaction between them. Parental genotypes may be known or unknown, and gene action at either locus may range from additive to overdominance. To reduce the required sample size, mating patterns that will produce a high proportion of desired progeny are suggested for different progeny genotypes and dominance levels. Based on the assumption of normally distributed quantitative trait expression, individuals can be classified into a genotype or genotypic group according to their phenotypic expressions. This technique is used to select both parents and progeny with unknown genotypes. Choice of parental classification criteria for a given quantitative trait affects classification accuracy, and hence the probability of obtaining progeny of the desired genotype. The complexity of this probability depends on the dominance level at each locus, the recombination fraction, and the awareness of parental genotypes. The procedure can be expanded to deal with more than two loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 32 (1991), S. 186-188 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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