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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of valproate to hepatotoxic intermediates (1992)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 14 (1992), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Biotransformation ; Fatty acid oxidation ; Liver diseases ; 2-n-Propyl-4-pentenoic acid ; Steatosis ; Valproic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of lines of evidence indicate that metabolites of valproate rather than the parent drug, mediate the microvesicular steatosis which characterizes valproate-associated liver injury. In this article, two mechanisms are discussed whereby valproate may cause hepatic steatosis through interference with the process of fatty acidβ-oxidation. In the first, valproate itself enters the mitochondrion where it competes for the enzymes and/or co-factors involved in theβ-oxidation of endogeneous substrates, while in the second, valproate is metabolized via the hepatotoxic terminal olefin, Δ4-valproate, to a variety of chemically reactive intermediates which inhibit key enzymes in theβ-oxidation cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01962701
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial oxidation of cumene (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1994), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Cumene ; Microbial ; Hydroxylation ; Biotransformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A total of 1229 cultures, including 230 actinomycetes, 508 other bacteria, 12 fungi and 479 yeasts were screened for their ability to oxidize the isopropyl side chain of 2-phenyl propane (cumene). Four strains of actinomycetes and six strains of bacteria but no yeasts were found positive in converting 2-phenyl propane to its oxygenated products. Eight strains oxidized cumene through the alkyl side chain producing 2-phenyl-1-propanol. TwoBacillus strains oxidized cumene to an oxygenated product.Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-3429 exhibited the highest alkyl side chain oxidation activity. The optimum reaction conditions for strain B-3429 are: 25 °C, pH 6.5 and 48 h of reaction. Octane-grown cells of strain B-3429 produced higher product yields (about 7.2-fold) than the glucose-grown cells. Prolonged incubation resulted in an increase in 2-phenyl-1-propionic acid production at the expense of 2-phenyl-1-propanol. The yield of 2-phenyl-1-propanol plus 2-phenyl-1-propionic acid was 5.1%. Reaction in the presence of methanol favored the accumulation of 2-phenyl-1-propionic acid and also increased the total yield. (The yield of 2-phenyl-1-propanol plus 2-phenyl-1-propionic acid was 14.9%.) Structures of the reaction products were confirmed by GC/MS and GC/IR analyses. Products contained 92% R(−) isomer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584105
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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