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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation of miscible and immiscible polymer blends (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1857-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinylmethylether) (PVME) were used to study the orientation of miscible and immiscible polymer blends. A miscible blend containing 60 wt% PS was prepared by casting the sample from a benzene solution. The immiscible blend was made by annealing the initially miscible mixture above its lower critical solution temperature for different times and temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and birefringence were used to measure the orientation of PS and PVME, before and after phase separation. Stress-strain curves were also measured for the two types of systems. It was found that the two polymers orient differently and that phase separation induces an increase in the overall orientation of the mixture, in the modulus and in PS orientation. The differences observed between pure PS and PS in the blend were attributed to changes in specific interactions and density of entanglements. The variations with phase separation were attributed to a change in the morphology of the system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322408
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The volume fraction and temperature dependence of the resistivity in carbon black and graphite polymer composites: An effective media - percolation approach (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A quantitative general effective media (GEM) equation is used to describe a broad range of experimental resistivity-volume fraction results for graphite-polymer and carbon black-polymer composites. The parameters used are the resistivities of each component and the two percolation morphology parameters, a critical volume fraction, φc, and an exponent, t. A preliminary model, also based on the GEM equation, is used to describe the temperature variation of the resistivity of the diphasic material near the critical volume fraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean velocity and turbulence fields inside a β=0.50 orifice flowmeter (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 745-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flow field inside an orifice flowmeter with a beta ratio of 0.50 operating at a Reynolds number of 91,100 has been studied using a three-color, 3-D laser Doppler anemometer system. Mean velocity measurements show large radial velocities leading into the orifice, the fluid separating from the orifice plate at the throat, the presence of a vena contracta farther downstream, flow reattachment to the pipe wall 5.3 pipe radii (R) downstream, the presence of a small upstream recirculation zone, and both a primary and secondary recirculation zone downstream of the orifice plate. The static wall pressure distribution attains a minimum pressure at 1.5 R, which does not coincide with the location of the vena contracta (0.75 R). Distributions of the entire Reynolds stress tensor are presented along with calculated values of turbulence kinetic energy, turbulence kinetic energy production, vorticity, and turbulence induced accelerations. These data are analyzed to interpret the complex turbulent flow field.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gravity-Driven reactive coating flow down an inclined plane (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 2-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The coating flow of a reactive fluid on an inclined plane is studied. The fluid viscosity steadily increases due to a sustained cross-linking reaction. Using well-known long wave approximations and a simple kinetic relation, we find that the linear stability of a uniform coating is affected not only by the inclination angle but also by the reaction order. In the weakly nonlinear limit, a generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (K-S) equation is derived. Two interesting cases are identified in the limit of creeping flow. One is when surface tension is moderate and a generalized Burger's equation results, and the other is when the surface tension is large and the traditional K-S equation is recovered when the inclination angle is greater than 90°. The solution in this case represents a shock-like traveling wave down the incline and it appears to be unique for reacting coating flows.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slotted orifice flowmeter (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1757-1760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401015
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the stage efficiency of simple, agitated vessels used in mixer-settler extractors (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 202-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of calcuation is presented by which estmates may be made of the stage efficiency of continuously operated, agitated, baffled vessels used in mixer-settler extractors. The calculations are limited to cases where the agitatiing impeller is a flat-blade turbine, and do not include estimates of the entrance and exit effects. The method has been tested with all the available experimental data, which include three different sizes of vessels, systems, and impeller sizes, and a variety of operating conditions including speeds of agitation, rates of flow, and ratios of contacted liquids. Because of limitations of the author's knowledge, the calculations are necessarily approximate, but they nevertheless correctly indicate the nature of the variations in stage efficiency to be expected with all of the design and operating variables for which tests could be applied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of liquid agitation in the absence of an air-liquid interface (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamics of agitating single- and two-phase liquid mixtures in the absence of an air-liquid interface was compared with that of similar systems with an interface. Two geometrically similar cylindrical vessels, 12 and 18 in. in diameter respectively, were used, each fitted with a similar six-bladed, disk-turbine impeller.New general correlation curves of power number with Reynolds number are presented which show that elimination of the air-liquid interface makes it possible to attain dynamic similarity in scale-up in unbaffled vessels but makes little difference in baffled vessels.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanics of vertical moving liquid-liquid fluidized systems: I. Interphase contacting of droplets passing through a second quiescent fluid (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 533-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous publications have shown that for solid spheres fluidized in water a unique relationship exists between the slip velocity and the system holdup. With this work as a model a method is now presented for estimating the behavior of the liquid-in-liquid spray column in which droplets of one phase move through a second quiescent phase.Combining the solids fluidization results with information on the single droplet terminal velocity one can obtain a design estimate of the holdup or interphase contact area for the liquid-liquid spray column. This design estimate includes the particular nature of the liquid droplet of being susceptible to internal circulation, oscillation, and distortion.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050423
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of rise or fall of liquid drops (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 444-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of the terminal velocity of liquid drops immersed in an insoluble liquid were made for eleven liquid systems, covering a wide range of physical properties: continuous-phase density 0.960 to 1.145 g./cc., viscosity 0.93 to 1.56 centiposes; dispersed-phase density 0.807 to 1.674 g./cc., viscosity 0.59 to 72.1 centipoises; interfacial tension 0.3 to 42.4 dynes/cm. A correlation of the data was developed for each of the two velocity-drop-diameter regions which permits easy computation of the drop velocities. The correlations are shown to reproduce the present data and much of the published data very satisfactorily. Photographs permitted measurement of the drop eccentricities, which are shown to be a function of the drop diameter, density difference, and interfacial tension.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The economic design of mixer-settler extractors (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 474-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relationships are developed for establishing the most economic values of the major variables of a liquid-extraction process, including the concentrations of solute in recycled solvent and rejected raffinate, the solvent-to-feed ratio, and for mixer-settlers certain of the design features. Consideration is given to costs of extraction and solvent recovery, as well as to the value of unextracted solute and lost solvent. For the design of mixer settlers scale-up relationships are developed to permit prediction of the stage efficiency of a large extractor from experimental data taken on a small scale. These are expressed in terms of a scale-up index relating the relative size of the mixer with the volumetric rates of liquid flow. It is shown that the cost of multistage extractor increases with scale up in a different fashion from the stage efficiency, depending upon the scale-up index used. A detailed study of the costs for a typical case led to the development of economic scale-up indexes which, because they cover nearly a fivefold ratio of fixed to operating costs, are of fairly general utility. The common practice of scaling up with equal holding times on the large and small scale is shown to be amply safe from the point of view of stage efficiency to be realized on the large scale but usually uneconomic.Simplification of the complete system of equations permits rapid estimation of the most economic circumstances for any type of countercurrent extractor of which the cost per stage is proportional to Qg.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050414
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