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  • 1990-1994  (18)
  • 1955-1959
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (12)
  • Females  (3)
  • adenocarcinoma  (3)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agonistic relationships between female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 34 (1994), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Schlagwort(e): Gorillas ; Females ; Aggression ; Agonistic hierarchies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Females in some mountain gorilla groups can be ranked on the basis of decided, non-aggressive approach-retreat interactions. However, data on four gorilla groups show that females do not form clear agonistic dominance hierarchies. Most aggressive interactions between females were undecided, and most dyads had undecided dominance relationships (Fig. 2). Females ignored aggression or responded to it aggressively more often than they responded submissively (Fig. 3). Moreover, directional inconsistency in aggression (including escalated contests) was high, and in some groups females showed significant bidirectionality in initiation of aggression (i.e., the more often they received aggression from partners, the more often they directed aggression at those partners; Fig. 4). Assigning ranks on the basis of aggressive interactions has limited power to explain variation in rates of initiating aggression and in responses and outcomes to aggression. Aggression was most common during feeding, but usually did not interrupt feeding bouts. It was proportionately more common in contexts that seem to involve competition for access to males (Figs 5, 6). This is consistent with the argument that females depend crucially on male services. As predicted by current models of female primate social relationships, agonistic relationships between gorilla females are unlike those typical in cercopithecine primates. They resemble those of some other primates and some equids in which contest competition for food is relatively unimportant and ecological costs of female transfer are low.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209781
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agonistic relationships between female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 34 (1994), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Gorillas ; Females ; Aggression ; Agonistic hierarchies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract. Females in some mountain gorilla groups can be ranked on the basis of decided, non-aggressive approach-retreat interactions. However, data on four gorilla groups show that females do not form clear agonistic dominance hierarchies. Most aggressive interactions between females were undecided, and most dyads had undecided dominance relationships (Fig. 2). Females ignored aggression or responded to it aggressively more often than they responded submissively (Fig. 3). Moreover, directional inconsistency in aggression (including escalated contests) was high, and in some groups females showed significant bidirectionality in initiation of aggression (i.e., the more often they received aggression from partners, the more often they directed aggression at those partners; Fig. 4). Assigning ranks on the basis of aggressive interactions has limited power to explain variation in rates of initiating aggression and in responses and outcomes to aggression. Aggression was most common during feeding, but usually did not interrupt feeding bouts. It was proportionately more common in contexts that seem to involve competition for access to males (Figs 5, 6). This is consistent with the argument that females depend crucially on male services. As predicted by current models of female primate social relationships, agonistic relationships between gorilla females are unlike those typical in cercopithecine primates. They resemble those of some other primates and some equids in which contest competition for food is relatively unimportant and ecological costs of female transfer are low.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209781
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agonistic relationships between female mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) (1994)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 34 (1994), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Schlagwort(e): Gorillas ; Females ; Aggression ; Agonistic hierarchies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Females in some mountain gorilla groups can be ranked on the basis of decided, non-aggressive approach-retreat interactions. However, data on four gorilla groups show that females do not form clear agonistic dominance hierarchies. Most aggressive interactions between females were undecided, and most dyads had undecided dominance relationships (Fig. 2). Females ignored aggression or responded to it aggressively more often than they responded submissively (Fig. 3). Moreover, directional inconsistency in aggression (including escalated contests) was high, and in some groups females showed significant bidirectionality in initiation of aggression (i.e., the more often they received aggression from partners, the more often they directed aggression at those partners; Fig. 4). Assigning ranks on the basis of aggressive interactions has limited power to explain variation in rates of initiating aggression and in responses and outcomes to aggression. Aggression was most common during feeding, but usually did not interrupt feeding bouts. It was proportionately more common in contexts that seem to involve competition for access to males (Figs 5, 6). This is consistent with the argument that females depend crucially on male services. As predicted by current models of female primate social relationships, agonistic relationships between gorilla females are unlike those typical in cercopithecine primates. They resemble those of some other primates and some equids in which contest competition for food is relatively unimportant and ecological costs of female transfer are low.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197005
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase II trial of fazarabine (arabinofuranosyl-5-azacytidine) in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1992)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 10 (1992), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Schlagwort(e): phase II ; fazarabine ; adenocarcinoma ; pancreas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We conducted a phase II evaluation of fazarabine 1.75–2.0 mg/m2hr over 72 hours every 28 days in 14 previously untreated patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The intial dose was 1.75 mg/m2/hr in 10 patients, and 2.0 mg/m2hr in 4 patients. The dose was escalated in 8 patients, including all 4 who started at the higher dose level. Toxicity was unexpectedly mild. The median WBC nadir was 4.4 (range: 2.4–15.8)×103/μl, the median absolute neutrophil nadir was 3.2 (range: 0.9–13.0)×103/μl, and the median platelet count was 134.0 (range: 48.0–291.0)×103/μl. Gastrointestinal toxicity was generally mild. No major responses were seen, excluding, with 95% confidence, a response rate in excess of 20%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877247
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase II trial of edatrexate in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1992)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 10 (1992), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Schlagwort(e): phase II ; edatrexate ; adenocarcinoma ; pancreas
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We conducted a phase II evaluation of edatrexate in 17 previously untreated patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; 14 patients had at least one month of therapy. The initial dose was 80 mg/m2iv. Treatment was administered weekly for 5 weeks, then every other week. Toxicity was generally mild. The median WBC nadir was 5.4 (range 0.6–7.4)×103/μl, and the median platelet nadir was 164.0 (range 62.0–341.0)×103/μl. One patient died with sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding associated with pancytopenia. Five patients had a mild rash. Nausea occurred in 6 patients, including 3 who had vomiting. In addition, 11 patients complained of vague malaise which seemed to begin within 24–48 hours after administration of edatrexate, and lasted for 2 to 3 days, resolving within 6 days of drug administration. Median survival was 85 days. Although 5 patients had stable disease, including one with relief of pain, no major responses were seen, excluding, with 95% confidence, a response rate in excess of 20%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00944187
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase II trial of gemcitabine (2,2′-difiuorodeoxycytidine) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (1994)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 12 (1994), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Schlagwort(e): pancreas ; adenocarcinoma ; gemcitabine ; 2,2′-difluorodeoxycytidme ; phase II
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Gemcitabine is a novel nucleoside analog which demonstrated a broad spectrum of preclinical acitivity in solid tumor models, and responses in patients with pancreas cancer during phase I evaluation. Patients with measurable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who had received no previous chemotherapy were eligible for this multicenter phase II clinical trial. Gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 was administered intravenously weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week rest, every 4 weeks. Forty-four patients entered the trial; 35 had at least 2 cycles of therapy. Partial response was observed in 5 patients (11%, estimated 95% confidence interval 2–20%), with a median duration of 13 months. All responding patients had stabilization or improvement in performance status. Fourteen patients had stable disease of 4 or more months. The median WBC nadir was 3.8 × 103/μl (range 1.6–9.3) and the median absolute neutrophil (ANC) nadir was 2.0 × 103/μl (range 0.4–7.2). Thrombocytopenia - 100.0 × 103/μl was observed in 15 patients; the median platelet nadir was 123.0 (range 30.0–245.0). All patients experienced a mild to moderate flu-like syndrome. In addition, one patient had a mild hemolytic-uremic syndrome which appeared related to gemcitabine therapy. Gemcitabine demonstrated marginal activity in this resistant neoplasm, without excessive toxicity. Further evaluation, including the use of more intense dosing and/or combination therapy, is warranted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873232
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A multiplanar anatomic study of the cervical proximal nerve roots and spinal nerves (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 5 (1992), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): anatomy ; spine ; sheath ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: An anatomic study focused on the proximal cervical spinal nerves has not been reported. Therefore, we dissected the cervical spinal nerves of three cadavers and examined stained sections in parasagittal and axial planes through the proximal cervical spinal nerves and root sheaths. These studies documented distinct segments of the spinal nerve which had not been completely described in the previous anatomic studies. The sheath originates from the dural sac as a common sleeve, divides into two sleeves, one containing the ventral root and one the dorsal root, and then distal to the dorsal root ganglion fuses again into one sleeve. A space, the interradicular cleft, separates the dorsal and ventral portions of the sleeve. The proximal segment of the spinal nerve proper distal to the dorsal root ganglion is composed of multiple small fascicles surrounded by a dense epineurium. The presence of an interradicular cleft in the cervical nerve root sheath and of fascicles in the cervical spinal nerve has significance for imaging of the cervical spinal nerves and for the pathogenesis of symptoms in cases of partial compression. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980050603
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dihydropyridine calcium antagonist modulates cholesterol metabolism and eicosanoid biosynthesis in vascular cells (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 48 (1992), S. 393-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): calcium channel blocker ; atherosclerosis ; LDL ; LDL-receptor ; vascular smooth muscle ; PGI2 ; cyclic AMP ; cyclooxygenase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Recent clinical studies have shown that calcium channel blockers can retard and possibly reduce the angiographic progression of coronary artery disease. Calcium channel blockers also inhibit dietary-induced atherosclerosis in animal models of this disease. In this study, we delineate potential cellular and molecular mechanisms by which nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, may alter lipoprotein and cholesterol trafficking, affect the regulatory signal transduction pathways involved in accelerating cholesteryl ester (CE) catabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells, and modulate cell-cell interactions of vascular and inflammatory cells. We demonstrate in arterial smooth muscle cells that nicardipine increases (1) LDL binding, uptake, and degradation, (2) RNA transcript levels for the LDL receptor, (3) CE catabolic activity, (4) PGI2 release, and (5) RNA transcript levels for cyclooxygenase. Furthermore, nicardipine blocked cytokine-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that nicardipine may function as an anti-atherosclerotic agent by promoting CE catabolism and cholesterol clearance and by reducing monocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240480408
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The p53 protein detected by immunohistochemical staining is not always mutant (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 248-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: In human mammary carcinoma, positive immunohistochemical staining for p53 protein is not always indicative of mutation in the p53 gene. Although positive staining is seen in excess of 50% of tumours, mutations have been found in only some 20% of cases. In this presentation, positive p53 staining in mammary carcinomas will be related to the presence and absence of mutation and other possible underlying mechanisms.In some positively stained tumours a mutation has been found. In others, no mutation has been demonstrated and apart from possible stabilisation by a protein such as MDM2, there are alternative underlying mechanisms for this discrepancy. Wild type p53 is elevated in response to DNA damage. This effect can be seen in patients given pre-operative chemotherapy and in cell lines irradiated with UV light and with x-rays. Strong positive staining in scattered nuclei has been found in cell lines with activated ras and myc genes. We postulate that this may also be the reason for similar patterns observed in human tumours.Comparable mechanisms may be active in inherited cancers. Although positive p53 staining in some Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients is associated with mutation, in other Li-Fraumeni-like families, no mutation has been found despite positive staining in tumour and normal tissues.Whatever the mechanism underlying the stabilisation of the protein, increased expression of p53 protein in the majority of tumour cells appears to be associated with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240531147
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temporally and spatially restricted expression of apolipoprotein J in the developing heart defines discrete stages of valve morphogenesis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Dynamics 201 (1994), S. 290-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Schlagwort(e): ApoJ/clusterin ; Heart ; Cardiac development ; Cardiac valves ; Endocardial cushions ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: During cardiac valve morphogenesis, a series of interactions between the mesodermal-derived myocardium and the overlying endothelium lead to condensed leaflet structure formation. At the atrioventricular (AV) canal, endocardial cells are transformed by specialized underlying myocardial cells into endocardial cushions, and then remodeled into mitral and tricuspid valves. Aortic and pulmonary valves develop by a similar mechanism in the primitive outflow tract. Few genes exhibit restricted spatiotemporal expression in these critical embryonic structures, thus limiting the clues to the sequence of molecular events necessary for valvulogenesis. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ), a secreted glycoprotein expressed in a variety of cell types at tissue interfaces, exhibits a highly restricted and dynamic expression pattern in the developing heart. ApoJ transcripts were detected in mice at day 9.0 of gestation in the wall of the developing truncus arteriosus. By day 10, intense signal occurred in a thin layer of myocardial cells adjacent to developing endocardial cushions of both atrioventricular canal and truncus arteriosus. No apoJ mRNA was present in the overlying endocardial cushions until day 13.5 when prevalvular condensation begins. Intense expression occurred in the stromal connective tissue throughout leaflet formation. The highly restricted spatiotemporal expression pattern of apoJ in the developing heart implicates its role in the morphogenesis of the AV canal and outflow tract into cardiac valves. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1002010311
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