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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of the early stages of growth and the formation of growth spirals in epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films by AFM (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 61.70 ; 74.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ on SrTiO3 prepared by Direct Current (DC) sputtering and pulsed laser deposition were imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to follow the different stages of growth of the thin films. Series of films with thicknesses between 1.2 nm and 12 nm (1–10 monolayers of YBa2Cu3O7−δ) were prepared under identical conditions, optimized with respect to electrical and structural properties, to obtain information on the mechanisms responsible for the formation of growth spirals which are commonly observed in films having a thickness of several 10 nm or more. It could be shown that few layers are formed by a layered growth mode where material is attached laterally to 2D islands which are only one c-axis unit cell in height. In a later stage of growth when about 8–10 layers have been formed, the growth process changes to a mode which is mediated by growth spirals. This could be directly monitored in the AFM images where different defect structures like vertically sheared growth fronts and dendrite-like terraces of stacked islands as well as the resulting growth spirals could be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348419
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foliar nutrient comparisons of pitch pine, loblolly pine, and the pitch × loblolly hybrid (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 132 (1991), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: foliar analysis ; nutrients ; Pinus rigida Mill. ; Pinus rigida × taeda ; Pinus taeda L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Foliar analysis was conducted to determine the differences between macronutrient concentrations and contents of current year's fascicles of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), pitch pine (P. rigida Mill.), and first (F1) and second (F2) generation plantations of the pitch × loblolly hybrid (P. rigida × taeda). No significant differences in foliar P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were found between any of the species or hybrid families tested. Foliar N concentration differed among F1 families, but not among the F2 families. Foliar N concentrations of loblolly and pitch pine in the F1 plantation were not significantly different. Fascicles of pitch pine tended to be shorter and lighter than those of loblolly pine and the hybrids, and nutrient contents of pitch pine foliage tended to be slightly less. An assessment of site effects on tree growth and nitrogen nutrition in the F1 plantation revealed that the hybrids respond differently to an enriched site. Six of the eight species and hybrids had higher foliar N contents on the better quality site, while four had increased stem volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011006
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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