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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1940-1944
  • 65.50.+m  (1)
  • ACE-inhibition  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular damage in diabetes: a key role for abnormal albuminuria (1992)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 29 (1992), S. 201-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Abnormal albuminuria ; ACE-inhibition ; Hypertension ; Microalbuminuria ; Diabetic nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is general agreement that a fall rate in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the principal endpoint in diabetics with renal disease, and that abnormal albuminuria (including microalbuminuria) is an important intermediate end-point. The relative roles of blood pressure (BP) elevation and abnormal albuminuria in the prediction and genesis of renal disease are a matter of debate, and are further analysed in this paper. New studies show that neither genetic predisposition to hypertension (parental BP) nor parental abnormal albuminuria can be used to predict renal disease in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. However, parental predisposition to proteinuria seems to be important to certain types of patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Cross-sectional as well as follow-up studies document that GFR is generally well preserved in microalbuminuria (in both type 1 and type 2 patients), while the transition to clinical proteinuria is associated with a decline in GFR. Thus, prevention of overt proteinuria is important in clinical trials in microalbuminuric patients. In type 1 diabetes clear ultrastructural changes have been documented with microalbuminuria and a good correlation between abnormal albuminuria and structural damage is seen. Structural damage in normo- and microalbuminuric patients correlates poorly with BP. New studies in type 1 diabetes document that microalbuminuria (but not elevated BP) predicts not only clinical diabetic nephropathy but also end-stage renal failure and mortality. In type 2 diabetes microalbuminuria is the strongest predictor of mortality, whereas BP elevation is not a predictor. Several studies now document that antihypertensive treatment, especially with inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, is able to reverse or reduce abnormal albuminuria, even in non-hypertensive type 1 patients, and possibly preserve GFR. Therefore, microalbuminuria may be the main indicator for starting antihypertensive treatment in these patients. With respect to organ damage in the retina, abnormal albuminuria is an important indicator of the risk of severe diabetic retinopathy. BP elevation seems not to be an initiating factor, but rather aggravates established retinopathy. Left ventricular hypertrophy has a stronger correlation with BP elevation than normoalbuminuria, suggesting that left ventricular hypertrophy is at least partially a phenomenon secondary to elevated BP in diabetic patients with abnormal albuminuria. Generally, abnormal albuminuria is a strong indicator of cardiovascular renal damage in diabetic patients and in most organs is a stronger factor than elevated BP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573489
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal properties of the valence electrons in alkali metal clusters (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 21 (1991), S. 65-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40.+d ; 31.20.Sy ; 05.30.−d ; 65.50.+m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The finite-temperature density functional approach is applied for the first time to calculate thermal properties of the valence electron system in metal clusters using the spherical jellium model. Both the canonical and the grand canonical formalism are applied and their differences are discussed. We study the temperature dependence of the total free energyF(N) (including a contribution from the ionic jellium background) for spherical neutral clusters containingN atoms. We investigate, in particular, its first and second differences, Δ1 F =F (N − 1) −F (N) and Δ2 F =F(N + 1) +F(N − 1) − 2F(N), and discuss their possible relevance for the understanding of the mass abundance spectra observed in cluster production experiments. We show that the typical enhancement of magic spherical-shell clusters withN=8, 20, 34, 40, 58, 92, 138, 186, 254, 338, 398, 440, 508, 612..., most of which are well established experimentally, is decreasing rather fast with increasing temperatureT and cluster sizeN. We also present electronic entropies and specific heats of spherical neutral clusters. The Koopmans theorem and related approximations for calculating Δ1 F and Δ2 F atT 〉 0 are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01426619
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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