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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1935-1939
  • Heat  (1)
  • Humans  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzodiazepines and caffeine: effect on daytime sleepiness, performance, and mood (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 160-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Humans ; Benzodiazepines ; Caffeine ; Sleepiness ; Performance ; Mood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a double-blind parallel group design, 80 young adult males were divided into eight treatment groups. Subjects received 15 or 30 mg flurazepam, 0.25 or 0.50 mg triazolam, or placebo at bedtime, and 250 mg caffeine or placebo in the morning for 2 treatment days. Two objective (Multiple Sleep Latency Test and lapses) and two subjective (Stanford Sleepiness Scale and Visual Analog Scale) measures of sleepiness, five performance tests, and two mood measures (Profile of Mood Scale and Visual Analog Mood Scale) were administered repeatedly on both days. Significant treatment effects were found for sleepiness but not for performance or mood. Early morning caffeine significantly antagonized next day hypnotic-induced drowsiness and enhanced alertness in the subjects who received bed-time placebo. Flurazepam, 30 mg, subjects were more sleepy than all other groups. Although not significantly different, the flurazepam, 30 mg, group demonstrated a trend toward poorer performance and a more negative mood than all other groups. Caffeine most improved performance of this group. In all groups, sleepiness was greatest and performance and mood poorest in early morning trials and caffeine was most effective at this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244120
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular responses and electroencephalogram disturbances to intermittent noises: effects of nocturnal heat and daytime exposure (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 63 (1991), S. 330-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human sleep ; Heart rate ; Noise ; Heat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During sleep, in thermoneutral conditions, the noise of a passing vehicle induces a biphasic cardiac response, a transient peripheral vasoconstriction and sleep disturbances. The present study was performed to determine whether or not the physiological responses were modified in a hot environment or after daytime exposure to both heat and noise. Eight young men were exposed to a nocturnal thermoneutral (20° C) or hot (35° C) environment disturbed by traffic noise. During the night, the peak intensities were of 71 dB(A) for trucks, 67 dB(A) for motorbikes and 64 dB(A) for cars. The background noise level (pink noise) was set at 30 dB(A). The noises were randomly distributed at a rate of 9·h−1. Nights were equally preceded by day-time exposure to combined heat and noise or to no disturbance. During the day, the noises as well as the background noise levels were increased by 15 dB(A) and the rate was 48 · h−1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of sleep, electrocardiograms and finger pulse amplitudes were continuously recorded. Regardless of the day condition, when compared with undisturbed nights, the nocturnal increase in the level of heart rate induced by heat exposure disappeared when noise was added. Percentages, delays, magnitudes and costs of cardiac and vascular responses as well as EEG events such as transient activation phases (TAP) due to noise were not affected by nocturnal thermal load or by the preceding daytime exposure to disturbances. Cardiovascular responses and TAP depended on the type of traffic noise and on the sleep stage during which noise occurred: motorbike noise provoked more disturbance than car or truck noise although the latter had the largest peak intensity. The TAP induced by noise were more frequent in stage 2 sleep than in other sleep stages. Cardiovascular responses were of lower amplitude in slow wave sleep (SWS) than in stage 2 sleep or in rapid eye movements (REM) sleep. These results suggested that the deleterious effect of noise on sleep depended on the type of noise (getting-up time and spectral composition) and that SWS was the least disturbed sleep stage when compared with stage 2 and REM sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364458
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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