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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preservation of All Chordae Tendineae and Papillary Muscle During Mitral Valve Replacement with a Tilting Disc Valve (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 5 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mitral valve replacement was performed in 21 patients using a surgical technique that preserves the entire papillary muscle and chordal apparatus. With this technique, the anterior mitral leaflet is split from the center of the free edge toward the annulus. Bilateral incisions are made from the proximal end of this split to the two mitral commissures, detaching the anterior leaflet from the annulus. These two halves of the leaflet, with all chordae intact (corresponding to the anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles), are judiciously trimmed to remove areas of leaflet untethered by chordae tendineae and (when necessary) fibrous thickening; then swung posteriorly and sutured to the posterior mitral annulus using mattress sutures with pledgets. This surgical technique is expected to favor the preservation of left ventricular function and avoid occurrence of irreversible left ventricular dilation/dysfunction, and has been used successfully for calcific and degenerative etiologies, using both tilting disc valves and porcine bioprostheses. It is especially useful in the implantation of tilting disc and bileaflet mechanical prostheses because anterior subvalvular chordae tissue may interfere with the disc excursion and relocated to the posterior leaflet annulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1990.tb00743.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation: When to Operate? (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 9 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The timing of surgical intervention in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with mitral regurgitation has always been a difficult clinical dilemma, especially with current options of valve replacement or valve repair. Symptomatic status should be carefully assessed and may depend upon either atrial fibrillation or progressive left ventricular dysfunction. Many patients may claim to be asymptomatic, but have profound limitations to their functional capacity and impairment of contraction indices. Because of this, every effort should be made to objectively follow the asymptomatic patient and schedule surgical intervention before irreversible left ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular ejection fraction continues to be an inappropriate parameter, for the regurgitant fraction increases the preload to the left ventricle, and the regurgitant orifice reduces left ventricular after load with increase In ejection fraction. End-diastolic dimension of volume is dependent upon such preload, and hence not accurate. End-systolic diameter is a better prognostic index; an end-systolic dimension of 4.5 cm (2.6 cm/m2) and a calculated end-systolic volume of 50 mL/m2 seem to be reasonable discriminators of outcome following surgery. More recent investigations suggest that left ventricular dP/dt, measured from a Doppler profile of mitral regurgitation, is perhaps a better predictor. In the asymptomatic patient, it is difficult to justify a role for intense medical therapy. The patient who develops atrial fibrillation does require a long-term anticoagulation therapy, and valve repair might be considered in this patient. Sinus rhythm may be restored with early surgical intervention, thereby reducing complications of throm-boemboiism or anticoagulant therapy. But there is little evidence that the atrial dysrhythmia predisposes to progressive left Ventricular dysfunctlon. Vasodilator therapy In asymptomatic patients may delay the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in aortic regurgitation, but there is little evidence that such therapy in patients with mitral regurgitation will delay left ventricular dysfunction and surgical intervention. (J Card Surg 1994;9[Suppl]:248–251)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1994.tb00936.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Temperature on Certain Properties of Zirconium Oxide Sols (1933)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 55 (1933), S. 2288-2294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01333a013
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium (1933)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 25 (1933), S. 735-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50283a007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOME GAMMA-NITRO-BETA-FURYLBUTYROPHENONES1 (1930)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 52 (1930), S. 4965-4967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01375a046
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homologous catalytic domains in a rumen fungal xylanase: evidence for gene duplication and prokaryotic origin (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 6 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A cDNA (xynA), encoding xylanase A (XYLA), was isolated from a cDNA library, derived from mRNA extracted from the rumen anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix patriciarum. Recombinant XYLA, purified from Escherichia coli harbouring xynA, had a Mr, of 53000 and hydrolysed oat-spelt xylan to xylobiose and xylose. The enzyme did not hydrolyse any cellulosic substrates. The nucleotide sequence of xynA revealed a single open reading frame of 1821 bp coding for a protein of Mr, 66192. The predicted primary structure of XYLA comprised an N-terminal signal peptide followed by a 225-amino-acid repeated sequence, which was separated from a tandem 40-residue C-terminal repeat by a threonine/proline linker sequence. The large N-terminal reiterated regions consisted of distinct catalytic domains which displayed similar substrate specificities to the full-length enzyme. The reiterated structure of XYLA suggests that the enzyme was derived from an ancestral gene which underwent two discrete duplications. Sequence comparison analysis revealed significant homology between XYLA and bacterial xylanases belonging to cellulase/xylanase family G. One of these homologous enzymes is derived from the rumen bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The homology observed between XYLA and a rumen prokaryote xylanase could be a consequence of the horizontal transfer of genes between rumen prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, either when the organisms were resident in the rumen, or prior to their colonization of the ruminant. It should also be noted that Neocallimastix XYLA is the first example of a xylanase which consists of reiterated sequences. It remains to be established whether this is a common phenomenon in other rumen fungal plant cell wall hydrolases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01379.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The N-terminal region of an endoglucanase from Pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa constitutes a cellulose-binding domain that is distinct from the catalytic centre (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The substrate specificity of an endoglucanase (EGB) from Pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa was determined. The enzyme was most active against barley β-glucan, but showed significant activity against amorphous and crystalline cellulose. EGB was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography with crystalline cellulose (Avicel). The Mr of the purified enzyme was 50000, which is in good agreement with the size of EGB deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the celB gene, coding for EGB. The N-terminal region of the mature form of EGB showed strong homology to another endoglucanase and to a xylanase expressed by the same organism; homologous sequences included highly conserved serine-rich regions. Truncated forms of celB, in which the gene sequence encoding the conserved domain had been deleted, directed the synthesis of a functional endoglucanase that did not bind to crystalline cellulose. This indicates that the conserved region of endoglucanases and xylanases expressed by P. fluorescens subsp. cellulosa constitutes a cellulose-binding domain, which is distinct from the active centre. The possible role of this substrate-binding region is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00646.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a general role for high-affinity non-catalytic cellulose binding domains in microbial plant ceil wall hydroiases (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 11 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cellulases expressed by Cellulomonas fimi consist of a catalytic domain and a discrete non-catalytic cellulose-binding domain (CBD). To establish whether CBDs are common features of plant cell-wall hydroiases from C. fimi, the molecular architecture of xylanase D (XYLD) from this bacterium was investigated. The gene encoding XYLD, designated xynD, consisted of an open reading frame of 1936 bp encoding a protein of Mr 68000. The deduced primary sequence of XYLD was confirmed by the size (64kDa) and N-terminal sequence of the purified recombinant xylanase. Biochemical analysis of the purified enzyme revealed that XYLD is an endo-acting xylanase which displays no detectable activity against polysaccharides other than xylan. The predicted primary structure of XYLD comprised an /V-terminal signal peptide followed by a 190-residue domain that exhibited significant homology to Family-G xylanases. Truncated derivatives of xynD, encoding the W-terminal 193 amino acids of mature XYLD directed the synthesis of a functional xylanase, confirming that the 190-residue N-terminal sequence constitutes the catalytic domain. The remainder of the enzyme consisted of two approximately 90-residue domains, which exhibited extensive homology with each other, and limited sequence identity with CBDs from other polysaccharide hydrolases. Between the two putative CBDs is a 197-amino-acid sequence that exhibits substantial homology with Rhizobium NodB proteins. The four discrete domains in XYLD were separated by either threonine/prolineor novel glycine-rich linker regions. Although full-length XYLD adsorbed to cellulose, truncated derivatives of the enzyme lacking the C-terminal CBD hydrolysed xylan but did not bind to cellulose. Fusion of the C-terminal domain to glutathione-Stransferase generated hybrid proteins that bound to crystalline cellulose, but not to amorphous cellulose or xylan. The location of CBDs in a C. fimi xylanase indicates that domains of this type are not restricted to cellulases, but are widely distributed between hemicellutases also, and therefore play a pivotal role in the activity of the whole repertoire of plant cell-wall hydrolases. The role of the NodB homologue in XYLD is less certain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00317.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ritanserin and chlordiazepoxide on sleep-wakefulness alterations in rats following chronic cocaine treatment (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sleep-wakefulness ; Chronic cocaine treatment ; Cocaine discontinuation ; Ritanserin ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of ritanserin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 (5-HT2) receptor antagonist, and chlordiazepoxide, a benzodiazepine agonist, on sleep-wakefulness disturbances in rats after acute administration of cocaine and after discontinuation of chronic cocaine treatment were examined. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg) but not ritanserin (0.63 mg/kg) prevented the increase of wakefulness (W) and the reduction of light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and deep slow wave sleep (SWS2) induced by an acute injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg IP). Daily injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg for 5 days, then 30 mg/kg for 5 days IP) at the onset of the light phase elicited an increase of W and a concomitant decrease of SWS1, SWS2 and paradoxical sleep (PS) in the light phase, followed by a rebound in SWS2 and PS in the subsequent dark phase. Following cocaine discontinuation, the circadian distribution of sleep-wakefulness states remained disturbed in saline-treated rats for at least 5 days. Both ritanserin (0.63 mg/kg IP/day) and chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg IP/day) reduced the alteration in the distribution of W and SWS2 throughout the light-dark cycle from the first day of administration on, but failed to prevent PS alterations. The mechanisms by which both compounds exert their effect are probably quite different. For chlordiazepoxide sedative and sleep-inducing properties probably play a major role. In contrast, for ritanserin SWS2-increasing properties and its ability to reverse preference for drugs of abuse without inducing aversion might be key factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are the known bladder cancer risk-factors associated with more advanced bladder cancer? (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Aromatic amines ; bladder cancer ; occupation ; risk factors ; tobacco ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Risk factors for superficial and invasive bladder cancer were examined in a case-control study of 470 cases Identified in 1967–68 in the Brockton and Boston Standard Metropolitan Areas (MA, United States) and of 500 population-based controls. Histologic specimens were reviewed and classified as superficial or invasive, following a standardized protocol. The tobacco-associated risk for superficial bladder cancer was odds ratio (OR)=2.6 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.7–4.1) and the risk for invasive bladder cancer was OR=1.7 (CI=1.1–2.5). For subjects less than 60 years of age, the risks were greater for invasive tumors (OR=4.3, CI=1.2–15) than for superficial tumors (OR=0, CI=0.9–4.2), but this pattern for tobacco use was not found in older subjects. A strong trend of increased risk with increased amount of cigarettes smoked was shown only for invasive bladder tumors. No clear pattern of excess risk for invasive bladder tumors was seen for age at first use and years since last use of tobacco. The risk associated with occupational exposure to aromatic amine bladder carcinogens was OR=1.7 (CI=0.8–3.3) for superficial and OR=1.5 (CI=0.8–3.0) for invasive bladder cancer. For subjects less than 60 years of age, the risks were greater for invasive (OR=12.0, CI=2.1–65) than for superficial tumors (OR=4.3, CI=0.8–24), but this pattern for occupational exposure was not found in older subjects. Risk by age at first exposure to occupational aromaticamine, bladder carcinogens was similar for superficial and invasive tumors. Overall, there was no association between known bladder-cancer risk-factors and more advanced bladder cancer. The relative risk associated with cigarette smoking and occupational exposure to aromatic amines was higher for invasive than superficial cancer only for men less than 60 years of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053157
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