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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood lactate and mixed venous-arterial PCO2 gradient as indices of poor peripheral perfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass surgry (1991)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 17 (1991), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood lactate ; Acid base balance ; Cardiopulmonary bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional indices of tissue perfusion after surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may not accurately reflect disordered cell metabolism. Venous hypercarbia leading to an increased veno-arterial difference in CO2 tensions (V-aCO2 gradient) has been shown to reflect critical reductions in systemic and pulmonary blood flow that occur during cardiorespiratory arrest and septic shock. We therefore measured plasma lactate levels and V-aCO2 gradients in 10 patients (mean age 57.2 years) following CPB and compared them with conventional indices of tissue perfusion. Plasma lactate levels, cardiac index (CI) and oxygen uptake $$(\dot VO_2 )$$ all increased significantly (p〈0.05 vs baseline levels) up to 3h following surgery. Oxygen delivery $$(\dot DO_2 )$$ did not change. Plasma lactate levels correlated significantly with CI (r=0.47,p〈0.01). V-aCO2 fell significantly with time (p〈0.01 vs baseline). There was an inverse relationship between V-aCO2 and cardiac index and V-aCO2 and lactate (r=−0.37,p〈0.05;r=−0.3,p〈0.05 respectively). We conclude that blood lactate, CI and $$\dot VO_2 $$ increase progressively following CPB. An increase in lactate was associated with a decrease in V-aCO2. An increase in V-aCO2 was not therefore associated with evidence of inadequate tissue perfusion as indicated by an increased blood lactate concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716189
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rust-red grain beetle,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and flat grain beetle,Cryptolestes pusillus: Antennal and behavioral responses to synthetic components of their aggregation pheromones (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 3353-3372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cryptolestes ferrugineus ; C. pusillus ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; aggregation pheromone ; macrocyclic lactone ; electroantennogram ; behavioural bioassay ; interspecific response ; thermal desorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Antennal and behavioral responses of the rust-red grain beetle,Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and the flat grain beetle,C. pusillus, to synthetic samples of the macrocyclic lactones reported to comprise their aggregation pheromones were investigated. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings were obtained successfully from both species for the first time. Females of both species showed larger EAGs than males. The EAGs ofC. ferrugineus showed a high degree of specificity for conspecific aggregation pheromone components;C. pusillus showed much less specificity. Behavioral tests were conducted using two-choice pitfall bioassays. Separation of the results into the two effects of activity stimulation and direction finding showed that both effects contributed to the overall response, although sometimes to different extents. The strain ofC. pusillus studied responded equally well to both components of its pheromone, whereas it had been reported previously that only one was active, the other acting as a Synergist and eliciting no response when tested alone. With both species, behavioral response was elicited with a single lactone, suggesting that it might not be necessary to use both components for field use. Particularly surprising was thatC. pusillus showed a greater response to the pheromone components ofC. ferrugineus than to its own. Aeration of the two species and thermal desorption of the collected volatiles confirmed production of the expected lactones, and aeration of authentic lactones showed that the response was not due to the C.ferrugineus pheromone components being markedly more volatile. This response, which seems to be an actual preference, is the first to be discovered among the cucujid beetles and encourages optimism that a practical lure for various species may not need to be as complex as originally feared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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