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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 101 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine the longitudinal changes in the incidence of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy.Design A prospective study of women during pregnancy.Setting A District General Hospital in North-West London.Subject Seven hundred and eighteen pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. At their first attendance and subsequently, Gram-stained vaginal smears were examined and Mycoplasma hominis and Gardnerella vaginalis were sought by culture.Results Initially, 87 (12%) women had bacterial vaginosis diagnosed on Gram-stained reading of the vaginal smears. Examination of further smears, obtained from 176 women at 36 weeks of gestation, showed that those whose vaginal flora was normal initially, and who went to term, rarely developed vaginosis (three of 127, 2.4%). Samples were obtained at 36 weeks gestation from 32 women who had bacterial vaginosis initially, and went to term. In almost 50% (15 of 32) of these a normal lactobacillus-dominated flora had regenerated. Thirty-five women (5%) had initial vaginal smears graded as intermediate. From this group, six of the 17 (35%) women from whom samples were obtained at 36 weeks gestation still had flora of an intermediate pattern; 10 (59%) now had normal flora and only one (6%) had developed bacterial vaginosis. Women with bacterial vaginosis were more likely to be culture-positive for M. hominis than those with normal flora (34/78 versus 10/563, odds ratio 42.73 (18.9 to 102.3) P 〈 0.001), or to be culture-positive for G. vaginalis than those with normal flora (35/78 versus 21/563, odds ratio 21.0 (10.75 to 41.2) P 〈 0.001).Conclusion Pregnant women do not commonly develop bacterial vaginosis after 16 weeks gestation, and if present, it remits spontaneously in approximately half of those who reach term. As bacterial vaginosis is associated with increased rates of second trimester miscarriage and preterm delivery, any treatment aimed at its eradication in pregnancy should be given no later than the beginning of the second trimester of pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To assess whether cervical cerclage in women deemed to be at increased risk of cervical incompetence prolongs pregnancy and thereby improves fetal and neonatal outcome.Design Multicentre randomised controlled trial.Setting Hospitals in the United Kingdom, France, Hungary, Norway, Italy, Belgium, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Iceland, Ireland, the Netherlands and Canada.Subjects One thousand two hundred and ninety-two pregnant women whose obstetricians were uncertain whether to recommend cervical cerclage, most of whom had a history of early delivery or cervical surgery.Interventions Cervical cerclage was compared with a policy of withholding the operation unless it was considered to be clearly indicated.Main outcome measures Delivery before 33 completed weeks, preterm delivery (〈37 weeks), and vital status of the baby after completion of the pregnancy.Results The overall preterm delivery rate was 28%. There were fewer deliveries before 33 weeks in the cerclage group (83 (13%) compared with 110 (17%), P=0.03) and this difference reflected deliveries characterised by features of cervical incompetence (painless cervical dilatation and prelabour rupture of the membranes). There was a corresponding difference in very low birthweight deliveries (63 (10%) compared with 86 (13%), P=0.05). The difference in the overall rate of miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death (55 (9%) compared with 68 (11%)) was less marked and was not statistically significant. The use of cervical cerclage was associated with increased medical intervention and a doubling of the risk of puerperal pyrexia.Conclusions These results suggest that the operation had an important beneficial effect in 1 in 25 cases in the trial (95% confidence interval (CI) 1 in 12 to 1 in 300 sutures). Its use is associated with increased medical intervention and puerperal pyrexia. Nevertheless, this trial suggests that, on balance, cervical cerclage should be offered to women at high risk, such as those with a history of three or more pregnancies ending before 37 weeks gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe wedges epitaxially grown on Cu(100) have been employed to investigate the interplay between magnetic and structural instabilities. 2–4 monolayer (ML) clean Fe films grown at room temperature are ferromagnetic with perpendicular easy axes. bcc Fe films(approximately-greater-than)11 ML thick are ferromagnetic with in-plane easy axes. Most importantly, 6–11 ML fcc Fe films are antiferromagnetic and have a ferromagnetic surface. Films grown below 200 K and annealed to room temperature do not exhibit the antiferromagnetic phase, but remain ferromagnetic and undergo a spin-reorientation transition from perpendicular to in plane at ∼6 ML. A new phase diagram for Fe/Cu(100) is proposed as a function of thickness and growth temperature. In addition, an impurity-stabilized layer-by-layer growth that persists to 30–40 ML Fe is also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5765-5770 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fe/Mo/Fe and Co/Cu/Co sandwiches were grown by molecular beam epitaxy onto Mo(100) and Cu(100) single crystals, respectively, and characterized by high- and low-energy electron diffraction and in situ surface magneto-optic Kerr-effect measurements. The spacer layer in both case was fabricated to have a wedged shape in order to create a continuous change of the spacer-layer thickness. Oscillatory behavior between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling was found; and is shown to originate at the interface between the magnetic layer and the spacer layer. For Fe/Mo/Fe, short-period oscillations are observed with a periodicity of ∼3 ML of Mo. Hysteresis loops for antiferromagnetically coupled cases are calculated from a simple model, and the results reproduce the general characteristics observed experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 5747-5750 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A microscopic computer experiment is set up to investigate the statistical properties of far from equilibrium homogeneous chemical systems undergoing instabilities. Sustained periodic behavior of limit cycle type is observed. Both the frequency and the amplitude of the oscillations are found to be in good agreement with the macroscopic description. A comparison with the stochastic theory of chemical systems based on master equation formalism is also carried out. The dynamical and static correlation functions obtained by these two procedures are in very good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 2524-2527 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have prepared, using molecular-beam epitaxial techniques, superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O films directly on Al2O3, yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), and MgO without buffer layers. The structure and stoichiometry of the films on Al2O3 are compared with those prepared on YSZ and MgO and found in large part determined by reactions with the substrates. The films on Al2O3 consist of textured Y2Ba4Cu8O20−x with superconducting onset at 80 K and zero resistance at 69 K, whereas on YSZ and MgO, YBa2Cu3O7−z films are formed. Auger electron depth profile spectroscopy in conjunction with structural and transport studies suggest that copper is depleted from the region near the Al2O3 substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 95 (1991), S. 303-310 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 8517-8522 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in the activities of leaf glutamine synthetase (GS) isoforms were followed in four temperate deciduous trees from full leaf expansion to senescence (May to November). In the early part of the season, total GS activity was high in all species, with values ranging from 90 to 200 μmol h−1 g−1 fw. During this early period this activity comprised only the activity of the chloroplastic (GS2) isoform in all species. These high GS2 activities are consistent with the role of GS2 in the re-assimilation of photorespired ammonia. The early high values also coincided with high nitrate reductase activity in one of the species, the highly nitrophilous species Sambucus nigra, with values of up to 16μmol h−1 g−1 fw. This indicates that GS2 is also important in the assimilation of ammonia produced from nitrate reduction. From mid- to late-season, the cytosolic isoform (GS1) was detected in all four species and became increasingly more active in comparison to GS2. By the time of senescence it was the dominant enzyme of the two forms in both S. nigra and Carpinus betulus. The results provide strong support for recent findings that GS1 is an important enzyme for the mobilization of nitrogen for translocation or storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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