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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1890-1899  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1519-1532 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The phase equation approach for the description of patterns in a spatially varying environment is tested for realistic setups. To this end the phase equation for axisymmetric Taylor vortex flow with spatially varying cylinder radii (spatial ramps) is derived and solved for various geometries which allow a detailed comparison with recent experiments. The wave number selected by subcritical ramps and its dependence on the geometry is determined. A suitable choice of the ramp allows the selection of wave numbers for which the pattern is unstable with respect to a wavelength changing instability (e.g., Eckhaus instability). This leads to a drift of the pattern. The drift velocity is calculated as a function of the Reynolds number for different geometries. Without any adjustable parameters the results for the selected wave numbers as well as for the drift velocities agree well with recent experiments. The calculations suggest the possibility of spatiotemporal chaos in suitably ramped systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Wiesbaden, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik. 57:2 (1990) 186 
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 24 (1897), S. 303-326 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Effects of Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Zr and their carbides on the binding states of hydrogen in iron and the fracture behaviour of the iron alloysEffects of Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Zr and their carbides on hydrogen permeation, diffusion, solubility and its distribution on different binding states in iron and iron based alloys are studied by use of the electrochemical hydrogen permeation technique. The results are analysed and described in terms of the trapping theory. The fracture behaviour of the alloys affected by hydrogen in different binding states are tested under constant elongation rate conditions.No essential specific effects of one of the alloying elements or their carbides are observed. Hydrogen diffusion and solubility, the total hydrogen content as well as the fracture behaviour are affected by the various microstructures of the alloys, thus only indirectly by the alloying elements. Crack initiation and fracture progress depend first of all on the external hydrogen activity and the grain size of the material, not on the total hydrogen content. Fine crystalline iron alloys of higher strength prove to be less sensible to hydrogen damage than coarse grain weak structures.
    Notes: Die Einflüsse der Übergangsmetalle Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Zr und deren Karbiden auf die Permeation, Diffusion und Löslichkeit des Wasserstoffs in Eisen und Eisenbasislegierungen sowie seine Verteilung auf verschiedene Bindungszustände werden mit Hilfe der elektrochemischen Permeationsmethode untersucht und auf der Grundlage des “trapping”-Modells beschrieben. Der Einfluß des Wasserstoffs in verschiedenen Bindungszuständen auf das Bruchverhalten der Legierungen wird unter CERT-Bedingungen geprüft.Es tritt kein besonderer spezifischer Einfluß eines der Legierungselemente oder der Karbide auf. Wasserstoffdiffusion und Löslichkeit, die Gesamtwasserstoffkonzentration wie auch das Bruchverhalten werden durch die verschiedenen Mikrostrukturen der Legierungen bestimmt, somit nur indirekt durch die Legierungselemente. Rißbildung und Bruchvorgang hängen in erster Linie von der äußeren Wasserstoffaktivität und von der von Korngröße der Legierung ab, nicht von der Gesamtwasserstoffkonzentration. Feinkristalline Legierungen höherer Festigkeit erweisen sich als weniger empfindlich gegenüber wasserstoffinduzierter Schädigung als grobkörnige weiche Strukturen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Effects of Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Zr and their carbides on the corrosion and hydrogen uptake of iron in H2S-solutionsEffects of the transition metals Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Zr and their carbides as well as of phosphorous on the corrosion and hydrogen uptake of iron in acid to weakly acid NaCl solutions with and without H2S are discussed. Investigations were carried out on binary, ternary and quaternary iron based alloys, using electrochemical and surface analytical methods.No specific effect of one of the alloying elements or the carbides on the corrosion or hydrogen uptake is observed. Due to the experimental conditions, sulphur and oxygen enriched surface scales form, by which the kinetics of the corrosion processes are determined. The alloying elements are enriched on the iron surface only as a carbide. Phosphorous is enriched as a phosphide at low pH and as a phosphate at higher pH. H2S and phosphides increase the corrosion rate and hydrogen uptake. In pure iron or low strength iron alloys, at the very high H2S affected hydrogen activities new lattice defects are induced permanently resulting in extremely high hydrogen concentrations.
    Notes: Es werden Einflüsse der Übergangsmetalle Mo, V, Nb, Ti, Zr und deren Karbide sowie die des Phosphors auf die Korrosion und Wasserstoffaufnahme von Eisen in sauren bis schwach sauren NaCl-Lösungen mit und ohne H2S-Einfluß beschrieben. Die Untersuchungen wurden an binären, ternären und quaternären Eisenbasislegierungen mit Hilfe elektrochemischer und oberflächenanalytischer Meßverfahren durchgeführt.Es wird kein besonderer spezifischer Effekt eines der Legierungselemente oder der Karbide auf die Korrosion und Wasserstoffaufnahme beobachtet. Unter den Versuchsbedingungen treten schwefel- und sauerstoffreiche Deckschichten auf, die die Kinetik der Korrosionsvorgänge bestimmen. Die Legierungselemente reichern sich nur als Karbide an der Eisenoberfläche an. Phosphor reichert sich bei niedrigen pH-Werten als Phosphid, bei höherem pH als Phosphat an. H2S und Phosphide beschleunigen die Korrosion und Aufnahme von Wasserstoff. Die unter H2S-Einfluß sehr hohen Wasserstoffaktivitäten führen besonders in Eisen und Eisenlegierungen geringerer Festigkeit durch ständige Neubildung von Gitterfehlern zu außerordentlich hohen Wasserstoffkonzentrationen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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