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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy Transfer from Metastable NF to Boron Hydride (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 98 (1994), S. 8952-8958 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100087a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decision parameters in global R&D management (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper addresses the question of which variables have what kind of impact on the decision to locate new R&D facilities in countries different from the home country of a corporation. In the first section of the paper we demonstrate the complexity of this question by referring to empirical research, managerial statements and literature. We then develop a conceptual model for the location decision of international R&D activities. This is based on Porter's (1990) framework of the factors constituting the competitive advantage of nations. In the final section of this paper we show how such a model helps us to understand and also to explain a number of management issues related to global R&D activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00827.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental Biology of T Cells in T Cell-Receptor Transgenic Mice (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 8 (1990), S. 531-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.08.040190.002531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of hot deuterium atoms with OCS in the gas phase and in OCS–DI complexes (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 6545-6552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of photolytically prepared hot deuterium atoms with OCS have been investigated: (i) under gas phase, single collision, arrested relaxation (i.e., bulk) conditions; and (ii) by photoinitiating reactions within weakly bound OCS–DI complexes. Nascent SD(X 2Π, v=0) rotational, spin–orbit, and Λ-doublet populations were obtained for the photolysis wavelengths 250, 225, and 223 nm by using A 2Σ←X 2Π laser induced fluorescence (LIF). The reason for using deuterium is strictly experimental: A 2Σ predissociation rates are considerably smaller for SD than for SH. The SD (v=0) rotational distribution was found to be very cold and essentially the same for both bulk and complexed conditions; the most probable rotational energy is ∼180 cm−1. No bias in Λ-doublet populations was detected. Spin–orbit excitation for bulk conditions was estimated to be [2Π1/2]/[2Π3/2]∼0.25, where 2Π1/2 is the upper spin–orbit component. This ratio could not be obtained with complexes because of limited S/N. The complete set of present and past experimental findings, combined with recent theoretical results of Rice, Cartland, and Chabalowski suggest a mechanism in which SD derives from a very short lived HSCO precursor. This can result from direct hydrogen attack at the sulfur and/or the transfer of hydrogen from carbon to sulfur via the HCOS intermediate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.465846
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonexponential relaxations in strong and fragile glass formers (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 4201-4209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deviations from thermally activated and from exponential response are typical features of the vitrification phenomenon and previously have been studied using viscoelastic, dielectric, calorimetric, optical, and other techniques. Linear response data from literature on about 70 covalent glass formers, ionic melts, supercooled liquids, amorphous polymers, and glassy crystals are surveyed. Except for orientational glasses and monohydric aliphatic alcohols a distinct but broad correlation of non-Debye behavior with non-Arrhenius relaxations is found. Within the broad trend several groups of materials, distinguished by their respective molecular complexity, can be identified and are shown to exhibit narrow correlations. At a given degree of deviation from Arrhenius behavior externally imposed stresses are relaxed with a departure from exponential behavior which is stronger the more the molecular or atomic subunits of the glassforming material are interconnected with each other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoinitiated H- and D-atom reactions with N2O in the gas phase and in N2O–HI and N2O–DI complexes (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 2536-2547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of H atoms with N2O have two product channels yielding NH+NO and OH+N2. Both channels were observed via NH A 3Π←X 3∑ and OH A 2∑←X 2Π laser-induced fluorescence spectra. Photoinitiated reactions with N2O–HI complexes yield a much lower [NH]/[OH] ratio than under the corresponding bulk conditions at the same photolysis wavelength. For hot D-atom reactions with N2O, this effect is somewhat more pronounced. These results can be interpreted in terms of entrance channel geometric specificity, namely, biasing hydrogen attack toward the oxygen. Another striking observation is that the OH and OD rotational level distributions (RLD) obtained under bulk conditions differ markedly from those obtained under complexed conditions, while the NH as well as the ND RLD are similar for the two environments. In addition, OH Doppler profiles change considerably in going from bulk to complexed conditions, while such an effect is not observed for NH. The changes observed with the OH RLD are most likely due to OH–halogen interactions and/or entrance channel specificity. Under bulk conditions, the Doppler shift measurements indicate a large amount of N2 internal excitation (i.e., ∼25 000 cm−1) for the OH (v=0) levels monitored. This is consistent with a reaction mechanism involving an HNNO° intermediate. The hot hydrogen atom first attaches to the terminal nitrogen of N2O and forms an excited HNNO° intermediate having a relatively elongated N–N bond compared with N2O. Then the H atom migrates from nitrogen to oxygen and exits to the N2+OH product channel, leaving N2 vibrationally excited. A simple Franck–Condon model can reconcile quantitatively the large amount of N2 vibrational excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463092
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxation dynamics in molecular alloys. I. Annealed (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x mixtures (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 2143-2148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid solutions of (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x were investigated using dielectric spectroscopy. In part I of this work results on thermally equilibrated (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x alloys are presented. The molar polarizability of liquid and plastic C2F6 was determined. The phase diagram of (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x was studied in detail. It exhibits two eutectic points and a large miscibility gap. In a high-temperature orientationally disordered phase mixed crystals can be grown up to CClF3 concentrations x≈0.5; in the low-temperature ordered state solid solutions are stable for x≤0.25. The dielectric loss spectra indicate that in (C2F6)1−x(CClF3)x different relaxation channels are available for the CClF3 dipoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459885
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relaxation dynamics in molecular alloys. II. Supercooled (C2F6)1−x (CClF3)x plastic crystals (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 7397-7401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dielectric measurements on quenched (C2F6)1−x (CClF3)x fluorocarbon alloys are reported. In a wide concentration range, rapid cooling prevents these samples from unmixing and the plastic phase, characterized by translational order and orientational disorder, can be supercooled. The relaxation dynamics of crystals with x=0.32 is examined in detail. For temperatures below 50 K it exhibits a dominant primary and indications of secondary relaxation, i.e., typical features of glasses. The α-relaxation process is parametrized in terms of a modified Vogel–Fulcher law. Using this representation, (C2F6)0.68(CClF3)0.32 can be characterized as fragile glass according to Angell's classification scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460170
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically pumped visible-wavelength laser with high optical gain (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1340-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Excitation of a mixture of FN3, B2H6, SF6, and He by a pulsed CO2 laser generates a transient gain medium capable of supporting laser oscillation at 433 nm in an optical cavity with threshold gain of 2.5%/cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112045
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ring opening reaction dynamics in the reaction of hydrogen atoms with ethylene oxide (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 6615-6624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ethylene oxide, C2H4O, is a three-membered ring with a single oxygen atom bridging the two carbons. Reactions of H and D atoms with ethylene oxide have been studied in the gas phase to provide insight into the dynamics of three-membered ring opening. H atoms were produced by photolyzing HI in the wavelength range 240–266 nm. The channel leading to OH+C2H4 was monitored via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the OH A 2Σ←X 2Π system. The D atom reaction yields OD with no hydrogen scrambling. With an available energy of 23 000 cm−1, the average OH D rotational energy is ∼350 cm−1 for OH(v=0) and OD(v=0) and ∼250 cm−1 for OD(v=1). OH(v=1) was not observed, while the OD(v=1) population was about one-tenth that of OD(v=0). There was no apparent bias in populations between Λ doublets in each of the spin–orbit states for both OH and OD. Doppler broadening of OH(v=0) rotational lines was measured to evaluate the average center-of-mass (c.m.) translational energy, which was found to be ∼2300 cm−1. On average, the ring opening process deposits ∼10% of the available energy into c.m. translation, ∼2% into OH rotation, and ∼88% into ethylene internal energy. Comparison with CH2CH2OH unimolecular dissociation dynamics and theoretical transition state calculations leads to a likely mechanism in which hydrogen abstracts oxygen via sequential C–O bond fission without involving a long-lived CH2CH2OH intermediate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468356
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