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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • Contarinia sorghicola  (2)
  • Spinal cord injury  (2)
  • Acute tolerance  (1)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on microvascular permeability changes in spinal cord trauma (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 595-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Trauma ; Spinal cord injury ; Microvascular permeability ; Serotonin ; p-Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The possibility that serotonin can take part in the initiation of the increased microvascular permeability occurring in a spinal cord trauma was investigated in a rat model with 131I-sodium and lanthanum as tracers. We influenced the serotonin content in the tissue pharmacologically by treating animals with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), before the production of the injury and compared the results with injured, untreated controls. A small incision was made in the dorsal horn of the lower thoracic cord. It caused a progressive extravasation of 131I-sodium in the damaged segment, measured after 1,2 and 5 h. Rostral and caudal segments also showed a significant but lower accumulation of 131I-sodium. Lanthanum added to the fixative was used as an ionic tracer detectable by electron microscopy. The endothelial cells of microvessels removed from the perifocal region after 5 h showed a marked increase in the number of lanthanum-filled vesicles. Many endothelial cells had a diffuse penetration of the tracer into the cytoplasm and the basement membrane. However, the tight junctions usually remained closed to lanthanum. Pretreatment with p-CPA markedly reduced the extravasation of 131I-sodium measured at 5 h in the traumatized cord. At the cellular level, the endothelial vesicles filled with lanthanum approached the condition of uninjured animals. The diffuse infiltration of lanthanum into endothelial cells and its spread into the basement membrane of the vascular wall were usually absent. Our results indicate that serotonin plays a role in the initiation of the increased microvascular permeability which occurs in spinal cord injuries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294236
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Edema formation and cellular alterations following spinal cord injury in the rat and their modification with p-chlorophenylalanine (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 604-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Trauma ; Spinal cord injury ; Edema ; Serotonin ; p-CPA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The possibility that serotonin can modify the early pathological sequences occurring in spinal cord trauma was investigated in a rat model. To that end we took advantage of the possibility of influencing serotonin pharmacologically by treating animals with a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) before the production of the injury and compared the results with injured, untreated controls. A unilateral incision was made into the dorsal horn of the lower thoracic cord (about 2.5 mm deep, 4.5 mm long) and the trauma. The injured region from untreated animals showed macroscopically at that time a pronounced swelling and the water content had increased by 3.5% as compared to intact controls. The segments rostral and caudal to the lesion also exhibited a profound increase in water content. Light microscopy revealed a significant expansion of the spinal cord as compared to controls. The swelling was most pronounced in the gray matter on the injured side. Electron microscopy showed distorted neurons, swollen astrocytes and extracellular edema in the gray matter in and around the primary lesion. There was also a sponginess in the surrounding white matter with disruption of myelin, collapsed axons and widened periaxonal spaces. Pretreatment of the rats with p-CPA significantly reduced the swelling of the injured spinal cord and there was no visible expansion. The ipsilateral edema in the central gray matter was considerable less pronounced as compared to that in untreated animals. The increase in water content was less than 1% in these animals. The neuronal and glial cell changes were also markedly reduced in the drugtreated rats. The disruption of myelin and the vacuolation of the gray matter were much less severe. Our results show that p-CPA can markedly modify the edema and the cellular changes occurring in the traumatic spinal injury and indicate that serotonin is somehow involved in the production of the early, and thus important, pathological events.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294237
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initial sensitivity, acute tolerance and alcohol consumption in fischer 344 and long evans rats (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 105 (1991), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Initial sensitivity ; Acute tolerance ; Alcohol consumption ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In separate groups of Fischer 344 and Long Evans rats, initial sensitivity and acute tolerance to ethanol were determined in a jumping test. Sensitivity measurements in each strain were carried out in separate subgroups at ethanol doses of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg IP. Similarly, acute tolerance was measured in different subgroups of each strain using the method of two successive doses of ethanol (2 + 0.4 g/kg; 2 + 0.7 g/kg and 2 + 1.0 g/kg, respectively). After completion of sensitivity and acute tolerance measurement, acute tolerance was then tested in all rats. Based on their acute tolerance values, they were divided into three groups: high, medium, and low. Two weeks after the last acute tolerance test, six rats from each group (i.e., the six highest and six lowest from the high and low acute tolerance groups, respectively, and six from the midrange of the medium tolerance group) were tested for voluntary ethanol drinking in the limited access model. Long Evans rats had lower initial CNS sensitivity to ethanol-induced impairment of jumping performance than Fischer 344 rats. Long Evans rats also drank significantly more alcohol than the Fischer 344 but there was no significant difference in acute tolerance development between these two strains. Moreover, within each strain the rats differing in acute tolerance development (i.e., high, medium, and low) showed no difference in alcohol consumption. These results suggest that acute tolerance development is not the main determinant of differences in ethanol drinking.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244305
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Orientation of males of sorghum midge,Contarinia sorghicola to sex pheromones from virgin females in the field (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Contarinia sorghicola ; sorghum midge ; sex pheromones ; orientation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The orientation of males of the sorghum midge,Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) towards virgin female baited sticky traps was studied in the field. Male response increased linearly with an increase in the number of virgin females in the sticky traps. Five females per vial were optimum for monitoring midge populations in the field. Numbers of males trapped were significantly greater in traps placed at 0.5 and 1.5 m above ground level compared with those placed at 2.5 m. Peak trap catches occurred at 0900 h. The number of males trapped decreased significantly after 1400 h; male catches continued till sunset. Trap catches followed the same pattern as the number of ovipositing females on sorghum panicles at the half-anthesis stage. Midge activity decreased with an increase in temperature and a decrease in relative humidity. Peak midge density was observed during the second fortnight of October in the rainy season and during February-March in the post-rainy season. Sex pheromones can be used to monitor midge population dynamics for integrated pest management and to screen for host plant resistance to this insect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688990
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of cytoplasmic male-sterility in sorghum on host plant interaction with sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Sorghum midge ; Contarinia sorghicola ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; host plant resistance ; resistance mechanisms ; sorghum ; Sorghum bicolor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola Coq. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum worldwide. We studied the reaction of midge-resistant and midge-susceptible genic-cytoplasmic male-sterile (A-lines) and their maintainers (B-lines), and the effect of resistant and susceptible restorers on sorghum midge. Midge damage and adult emergence were significantly lower on the B-lines of midge-resistant genotypes (PM 7061 and PM 7068) than their corresponding A-lines, while the reverse was true for the midge-susceptible genotypes (296A and ICSA 42). Differences in midge damage and the number of midges emerged were not significant between the midge-resistant and midge-susceptible A-lines when infested without pollination (except midge emergence on PM 7061A). Pollination with a midge-resistant restorer (DJ6541) reduced midge emergence significantly in one of two seasons. Source of pollen did not influence midge emergence on the highly-resistant A-line, PM 7061A. The implications of these observations in the development of midge-resistant hybrids were discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033764
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