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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • nitric oxide  (2)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet of Langerhans ; insulin secretion ; nitric oxide ; cyclic guanosine monophosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The involvement of nitric oxide as an intracellular messenger in the control of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta cells was studied in rat islets of Langerhans by measuring: (i) nitric oxide generation in response to physiological insulin secretagogues; (ii) the effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis on insulin secretory responses to physiological secretagogues, and on insulin synthesis; (iii) changes in islet cyclic guanosine monophosphate in response to secretagogues; (iv) the effects of exogenous cyclic guanosine monophosphate and dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate on insulin secretion from electrically permeabilised islets and from intact islets, respectively. These studies produced no evidence that nitric oxide generation is required for the initiation of insulin secretion by common secretagogues. However, the results of our experiments suggest that the generation of nitric oxide may be involved in long-term, glucose-dependent increases in cyclic guanosine monophosphate content of islet cells, although the physiological relevance of these changes requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. S30 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islets of Langerhans ; insulin secretion ; protein kinase A ; cyclic AMP ; calcium-calmodulin ; protein kinase C ; arachidonic acid ; nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This review summarises briefly studies performed in the last 5–6 years concerning the role of second messengers in the regulation of insulin secretion, using intact and electrically permeabilized rat islets of Langerhans. It is concluded that cyclic AMP (through protein kinase A), calcium (through calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinases) and diacylglycerol (through protein kinase C) may be important second messengers in modulating the effects of specific secretagogues on insulin release. However, recent studies strongly suggest that neither protein kinase A nor protein kinase C are directly involved in the regulation of insulin secretion by glucose. The possible involvement of other second messengers, nitric oxide and arachidonic acid, in the regulation of secretion is also briefly reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 827-833 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments in Raman amplification spectroscopy monitor the intensity change of one laser beam under the perturbing influence of another in a Raman-active medium. Accompanying such changes one frequently observes the presence of other, non-Raman, processes arising from non-linear susceptibility terms χ(2) and χ(3), in addition to linear changes caused by species absorption and fluorescence. One such non-Raman process observed during a Raman study of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KDP) is sum-frequency generation. Although the subject of second-harmonic/sum-and difference-frequency generation is well understood, the indirect quantitative measurement of such processes by means of the measured power loss of one or other of the incident beams has remained an area hitherto unexplored. This paper redresses this omission by comparing experimentally the directly measured sum-frequency power generated in a KDP frequency-doubling crystal with the power loss of the probe beam transmitted through the crystal.The results, viewed in an overall perspective, are very promising and the experiments demonstrate the value of the pump-probe technique as a means of investigating non-linear optical mixing processes, with the added advantage of an experimental set-up which may be adapted, with the minimum of adjustments, to accommodate simultaneous investigations of several other spectroscopic processes occurring within the same system. These studies provide an interesting and important route for the further understanding and utilization of the non-linear processes occurring in optical crystals such as KDP.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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