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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging and angiography of cerebral venous angiomas associated with brain tumors (1992)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Venous angioma ; Brain tumor ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebral angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MR study of 6 patients with concurrent venous angioma and brain tumor revealed that in 2 of the 6 cases, the draining vein of the venous angioma was located near to the tumor and was displaced by the tumor. Two of the 6 venous angiomas were too small to visualize prior to contrast enhancement, but could be detected following administration of Gd-DTPA. Angiography was required for definitive diagnosis of the venous angiomas. When a venous angioma is suspected or is detected incidentally, especially when very near a brain tumor, angiography should be considered before performing surgery to avoid surgical complications. Otherwise, ligation of the vein draining the venous angioma may lead to venous infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588428
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olivary degeneration after cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhage: MRI (1993)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 35 (1993), S. 335-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Olivary degeneration ; Cerebellar haemorrhage ; Brain stem haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR) images of seven patients with olivary degeneration caused by cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhages were reviewed. In four patients with cerebellar haemorrhage, old haematomas were identified as being located in the dentate nucleus; the contralateral inferior olivary nuclei were hyperintense on proton-density- and T2-weighted images. In two patients with pontine haemorrhages, the old haematomas were in the tegmentum and the ipsilateral inferior olivary nuclei, which were hyperintense. In one case of midbrain haemorrhage, the inferior olivary nuclei were hyperintense bilaterally. The briefest interval from the ictus to MRI was 2 months. Hypertrophic olivary nuclei were observed only at least 4 months after the ictus. Olivary degeneration after cerebellar or brain stem haemorrhage should not be confused with ischaemic, neoplastic, or other primary pathological conditions of the medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588362
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of the brain in chronic carbon monoxide poisoning (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 399-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide poisoning ; Cerebral white matter degeneration ; Cerebral cortical atrophy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 13 patients with chronic carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); all of them had been in an explosion in a coal mine 25 years previously. Symmetrical globus pallidus lesions were observed in 12, as was degeneration of the white matter, with focal cortical atrophy. The temporal parietal and occipital lobes were usually affected, the parietooccipital region being the most frequently and extensively damaged. Of the 12 patients with white matter degeneration 7 had definitely asymmetrical cortical and subcortical lesions. There were 6 patients with dilated temporal horns, probably due to atrophy of the hippocampal gyri. A history of CO inhalation and an awareness of the typical distributions of lesions are important for recognition of the effects of CO poisoning, especially when patients are in the chronic stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612127
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tethered cord syndrome versus low-placed conus medullaris in an over-distended spinal cord following initial repair for myelodysplasia (1990)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 6 (1990), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Tethered cord syndrome ; Low-placed conus medullaris ; Myeloschisis ; Lipomeningocele ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Over-distended spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present findings obtained from a total of 100 patients who had previously undergone surgery for spina bifida and whose progress had been monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our meningomyelocele clinic. Fourteen of these patients (14.0%) developed delayed symptom(s) of progressive spinal neurologic dysfunction. In those with myeloschisis, increase of motor deficit was the most common clinical manifestation during infancy and early childhood (mean age: 6.8 years), whereas pain on back flexion was seen in patients who were over 15 years of age (mean age: 17.3 years). MRI carried out in myeloschisis patients invariably demonstrated that the conus medullaris was in an abnormally low position, suggesting over-distension of the spinal cord. This was irrespective of whether symptom(s) developed or not and did not correlate with the initial surgical procedure (reconstructive or otherwise) used. Patients with symptom(s) were revealed by MRI to have an extremely low conus set at the spinal level of S-1 or below; neurological examination showed that the motor deficit occurred at high levels in the spine. Results from lipomeningocele patients were more erratic in terms of conus position and delayed development of neurological defects. The authors conclude: (1) that elongation of the spinal cord as an MRI finding seen postoperatively in cases of myeloschisis (radiological finding of a low-placed concus medullaris) does not necessarily imply functional disorder (tethered cord syndrome) and (2) that the pathophysiology of the late onset of progressive neurological deterioration in the spine occurring in patients who have previously undergone lipomeningocele repair may be associated with an invasive or expansile mass effect and should not always be regarded as involving tethered cord syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307662
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evaluation for neuronal maturation in anencephaly and encephalocele in human neonates (1990)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 6 (1990), S. 350-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Cephalic dysraphism ; Classification ; Epidemiology ; Cranium bifidum ; Anencephaly ; Neuronal maturation ; Neuroschisis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The developmental pathogenesis of cranium bifidum and exencephaly, as well as other forms of the dysraphic state, remains unresolved. The process of neuronal maturation under such conditions is the major definitive factor for functional prognosis and may be the key to the embryopathogenesis. The neuronal maturation processes in cranium bifidum and anencephaly were analyzed in both human neonatal autopsy and surgical specimens, utilizing the technique of immunohistochemical morphological analysis. The results suggest that anencephaly is a form of neuroschisis, a defect in which the neuronal developmental process arrests and results in dys- or rather aplastic cortical architecture. In contrast, although the cortical architecture is often distorted, neuronal maturation in cases of cranium bifidum cysticum is primarily complete, demonstrating normal cerebral cortical layers and NSE positive neural elements. In conclusion, it is strongly suggested that anencephaly is the most severe form of cranium bifidum, as is myeloschisis in spina bifida, without supportable neuronal maturation. Recognizing these points in the developmental stages with regard to the degree of neuronal maturation, a reclassification of cephalic dysraphism is proposed. The embryopathogenetic and epidemiologic aspects of this proposal of reclassification are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298283
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathophysiology and postnatal outcome of fetal hydrocephalus (1990)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 6 (1990), S. 338-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Fetal hydrocephalus ; Intracranial pressure ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Postnatal outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At the National Kagawa Children's or Kobe University Hospital, 24 cases of fetal hydrocephalus were managed between 1982 and 1988. There were 8 simple, 11 dysgenetic, and 5 secondary cases of hydrocephalus, and the fetal age at diagnosis ranged between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation (average 33.4 weeks). All were diagnosed using ultrasonography, with either magnetic resonance imaging or whole-body computed tomography, additionally performed in 10 patients to determine their usefulness in evaluating the morphology. Four patients underwent transabdominal or transvaginal cephalocentesis in the prenatal period and intracranial pressure was measured during the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in two of these. Postnatal outcome was analyzed for each type of hydrocephalus. The results suggested that in such cases the fetal brain is subjected to extremely high intracranial pressures resulting from a mixture of hydrocephalic pressure and intermittent uterine constriction. Immediately after birth, the biparietal diameter was found to be increased by an average of 7.7 mm and the hydrocephalic state was transformed into the neonatal type characterized by macrocephaly and a relatively low intracranial pressure. Overall mortality was 25% and 16 of the 24 infants underwent the postnatal shunt procedure, largely at the neonatal stage. The follow-up period varied from 4 months to 6 years (average, 25.8 months for nonfatal cases) and the mean intelligence or developmental quotient was 45.2. There were no significant differences in postnatal outcome between the three major types of fetal hydrocephalus. Findings revealed that the length of the gestation period after the diagnosis of hydrocephalus has a significant effect on outcome (P〈0.01). Based on these results, it is suggested that fetal hydrocephalus may be extremely hypertensive and that impairment of neuronal functional development accompanying its prenatal progression can be irreversible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298281
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