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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • Barrett's esophagus  (1)
  • Diagnostic laparoscopy  (1)
  • Mediastinal lymphadenectomy
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Barrett's esophagus ; Gastroesophageal reflux ; Adenocarcinoma ; High grade dysplasia ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Barrett's esophagus (i.e. columnar epithelial metaplasia in the distal esophagus) is an acquired condition that in most patients results from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. It is a disorder of the white male in the Western world with a prevalence of about 1/400 population. Due to the decreased sensitivity of the columnar epithelium to symptoms, Barrett's esophagus remains undiagnosed in the majority of patients. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Barrett's esophagus has a more severe character and is more frequently associated with complications as compared with reflux patients without columnar mucosa. This appears to be due to a combination of a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, inefficient esophageal clearance function, and gastric acid hypersecretion. Excessive reflux of alkaline duodenal contents may be responsible for the development of complications (i.e., stricture, ulcer, and dysplasia). Therapy of benign Barrett's esophagus is directed towards treatment of the underlying reflux disease. Barrett's esophagus is associated with a 30- to 125-fold increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The reasons for the dramatic rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which occurred during the past years, are unknown. High grade dysplasia in a patient with columnar mucosa is an ominous sign for malignant degeneration. Whether an esophagectomy should be performed in patients with high grade dysplasia remains controversial. Complete resection of the tumor and its lymphatic drainage is the procedure of choice in all patients with a resectable carcinoma who are fit for surgery. In patients with tumors located in the distal esophagus, this can be achieved by a transhiatal en-bloc esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Early adenocarcinoma can be cured by this approach. The value of multimodality therapy in patients with advanced tumors needs to be shown in randomized prospective trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 379 (1994), S. 248-254 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Diagnostic laparoscopy ; Intraoperative ultrasound ; Flexible ultrasound probe ; Staging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die laparoskopische Ultraschalluntersuchung (LUS) vergrößert den Informationsgewinn bei der diagnostischen Laparoskopie (DL) durch die Beurteilung der “dritten Dimension”, da des Organinnere und der Retroperitonealraum sichtbar gemacht werden. Die dazu notwendigen technischen Voraussetzungen sind mit der Einführung flexibler Ultraschallsonden, Bildmixingsystemen und dem Dopplermodus gegeben. Beim Magenkarzinom kann die LUS wertvolle Aufschlüsse fiber die retrogastrale Ausbreitung, die Vergrößerung von Lymphknoten im Bereich der kleinen Kurvatur oder Infiltrationen des Diaphragmas geben. Ebenso werden Lebermetastasen darstellbar, die für die klassischen bildgebenden Verfahren zu klein sind. In einer eigenen Untersuchungsserie wurde allein durch die sonographische Diagnostik eine Änderung des präoperativen Befundes in 8% der Fälle erzielt. Auch die bisher unbefriedigende preoperative Abklärung des frühen Pankreaskarzinoms könnte durch die Verwendung der LUS verbessert werden. Der Tumor kann exakt lokalisiert und die Invasion von Blutgefäßen oder eine lokale oder regionale Lymphknotenmetastasierung mittels LUS können beurteilt werden. Beim Speiseröhrenkarzinom bzw. Kardiakarzinom kann die LUS zum Ausschluß kleiner Lebermetastasen, einer Zwerchfellinfiltration oder eines abdominellen Lymphknotenbefalls hilfreich sein. Bei Leberprozessen ermöglicht die LUS eine gezielte Dignitätsabklärung durch Punktion. Unter zusdtzlicher Beurteilung des extrahepatischen Lymphknotenstatus ersetzt die LUS eine ansonsten erforderliche diagnostische Laparotomie vor Lebertransplantation. Die heutigen Erfahrungen bestätigen bereits die Rolle der LUS als wertvolle Erweiterung der diagnostischen Laparoskopie, die nicht nur den Informationsgewinn durch DL erweitert, sondern auch zusätzliche Informationen im Vergleich zu konventionellen bildgebenden Verfahren erbringt.
    Notes: Abstract In gastric cancer, retrogastric invasion or enlarged lymph nodes in the hilus of the spleen or at the celiac trunk can readily visualized with laparoscopic ultrasound examination (LUS). Invasion or metastases of the liver can be identified which are “invisible” with the “classic” imaging methods. In our series this led to revision of the TNM staging in 8% of 111 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. In the staging of early pancreas cancer the standard methods of investigation, including ERCP, are unsatisfactory. Tumor localization, invasion of blood vessels and local or distal lymph node metastases cannot always be evaluated reliably. LUS promises to provide this valuable information. In carcinoma of the distal esophagus or the cardia, LUS can help to exclude small liver metastases, assess invasion of the diaphragm and evaluate the extent of enlarged intraabdominal lymph nodes, especially those at the celiac trunk. A frequent challenge/task for LUS is the exact determination of the benign or malignant nature of liver foci. Quite commonly they are inaccessible to percutaneous CT-guided puncture, but can be easily reached and biopsied under direct vision or LUS-guidance. By virtue of LUS and its information about extrahepatic lymph node infliction, diagnostic laparoscopy is now a less invasive but equally valid substitute for diagnostic laparotomy prior to liver transplantation in oncological diseases. LUS is now well established in diagnostic laparoscopy as a reliable tool for the preoperative staging of distal esophageal and abdominal tumors. It provides additional information which cannot be obtained with conventional imaging procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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