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  • 1990-1994  (26)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (24)
  • Bayesian learning  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: learning curves ; VC dimension ; Bayesian learning ; information theory ; average-case learning ; statistical physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study a Bayesian or average-case model of concept learning with a twofold goal: to provide more precise characterizations of learning curve (sample complexity) behavior that depend on properties of both the prior distribution over concepts and the sequence of instances seen by the learner, and to smoothly unite in a common framework the popular statistical physics and VC dimension theories of learning curves. To achieve this, we undertake a systematic investigation and comparison of two fundamental quantities in learning and information theory: the probability of an incorrect prediction for an optimal learning algorithm, and the Shannon information gain. This study leads to a new understanding of the sample complexity of learning in several existing models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: learning curves ; VC dimension ; Bayesian learning ; information theory ; average-case learning ; statistical physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study a Bayesian or average-case model of concept learning with a twofold goal: to provide more precise characterizations of learning curve (sample complexity) behavior that depend on properties of both the prior distribution over concepts and the sequence of instances seen by the learner, and to smoothly unite in a common framework the popular statistical physics and VC dimension theories of learning curves. To achieve this, we undertake a systematic investigation and comparison of two fundamental quantities in learning and information theory: the probability of an incorrect prediction for an optimal learning algorithm, and the Shannon information gain. This study leads to a new understanding of the sample complexity of learning in several existing models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 1847-1862 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-temperature molecular dynamics as a method for conformational search was explored on the antigen combining site of McPC 603, a phosphorylcholine binding immunoglobulin. Simulations at temperatures of 500, 800, and 1500 K were run for 111.5, 101.7, and 76.3 ps, respectively. The effectiveness of the search was assessed using a variety of methods. For the shorter hypervariable loops, molecular dynamics explored an appreciable fraction of the conformational space as evidenced by a comparison to a simple theoretical model of the size of the conformational space. However, for the longer loops and the antigen combining site as a whole, the simulation times were too short for a complete search. The simulations at 500 and 800 K both generated conformations that minimized to energies 200 kcal/mole lower than the crystal structure. However, the 1500 K simulation produced higher energy structures, even after minimization; in addition, this highest temperature run had many cis-trans peptide isomerizations. This suggests that 1500 K is too high a temperature for unconstrained conformational sampling. Comparison of the results of high temperature molecular dynamics with a direct conformational search method, [R. E. Bruccoleri & M. Karplus (1987) Biopolymers 26, 137-168]. showed that the two methods did not overlap much in conformational space. Simple geometric measures of the conformational space indicated that the direct method covered more space than molecular dynamics at the lower temperature, but not at 1500 K. The results suggest that high-temperature molecular dynamics can aid in conformational searches.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2417-2426 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of 1,3-di(5-[2,2,1]-bicyclohexyl-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 1, as a curing agent in the presence of typical epoxy resins with Lewis bases as catalysts produces thermosets with HDTs of 320°C. The solubility of 1 in the epoxy resin allows for the preparation of a one-component formulation. A latent catalyst was developed which employs amine complexes of cobalt bis(2,4-pentanedionate). These formulations exhibit long term storage at ambient conditions, yet cure rapidly at 180-200°C.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 719-727 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The scope of polyformal formation from nitro- and fluorodiols has been explored further with a series of α, ω-diols. Polymers with M̄ns of 2000-4000 were generally obtained but M̄ns approaching 10,000 are possible in some cases. Effects of monomer structure and reaction parameters on polymer molecular weight are described. The polymers were characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR, and DSC analysis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent work in our laboratories has fully characterized the surface region of a segmented poly(ether-urethane) (PEU) extending from the air/polymer interfacial region through bulk depths in the micron range. This characterization utilized energy and angle dependent Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Comprehensive Wettability Profiling (contact angle using a homologous series of liquids) as defined by Zisman. In this study this same multi-analytical-technique approach is used to elucidate changes in these PEU surfaces induced through an H2O Radio Frequency Glow Discharge (RFGD) plasma. This investigation reports both qualitative and quantitative changes due to the modification treatments as well as the permanency of the changes effected on these surfaces through the plasma treatment. From our analyses, the amount of surface residing polyurethane (hard segment) is observed to increase due to a proposed plasma etching mechanism. Further, the addition of oxygen containing functionality is detected at the modified surfaces unique with respect to the unmodified PEU. These surface modifications which show large increases in wettability, are finally observed to be semi-permanent over a time period of 6 months.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 129-134 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: ionomers ; telechelic polymers ; quaternary ammonium sulfonate ; thermal stability ; degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal stability of telechelic polystyrenes bearing quaternary ammonium iodide or ammonium sulfonate end groups is presented. It appears that the ammonium iodide functions are stable below 200°C. Above that temperature, the polystyrene irreversibly looses its functional end groups. The weight loss then observed leads to the conclusion that a Hofmann-type degradation mechanism is likely to take place. In contrast, the ammonium sulfonate-terminated polystyrene begins to degrade at 180°C and leads to a polymer which is no longer end-capped with sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups. This behavior is of importance, especially for the study of multiblock ionic copolymers which are prepared by blending two telechelic polymers, one of them bearing sulfonic acid end groups and the other one tertiary amine functional groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and optical resolution of α-phenyl β-amino-ethylpropionate led to the preparation of optically active α-phenyl β-propiolactones (PhPL) of different optical purities. The enantiomeric excess of PhPL was determined using 200 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, after complexation with tris[3-(trifluoromethyl hydroxymethylene)-d-camphorato]europium III. It was then polymerized, in bulk and in solution, using a potassium acetate/crown ether complex as initiator. The optically active poly(PhPL)s thus obtained are insoluble in most organic solvents, whereas atactic poly(PhPL)s are soluble in CCl4, CHCl3, and dichloroethane. Several differences are observed between the physical properties of optically active and atactic poly(PhPL)s. However, atactic poly(PhPL)s are semi-crystalline polymers, similar to poly(α-disubstituted β-propiolactone)s, but in contrast with poly(α-methyl β-propiolactone). Melting (Tf) and glass transition temperatures, as well as enthalpy of fusion (ΔH), vary with the optical purity of the polymers. For example, atactic poly(PhPL) exhibits a Tf = 94°C and ΔH = 9 J/g as compared to Tf = 119°C and ΔH = 37 J/g for a poly(PhPL) having an enatiomeric excess of 50%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Modification of fluorine-containing polymers has recently received much attention due to new chemistries allowing for refunctionalization of these materials, especially their surfaces. In this article results are discussed which demonstrate various interesting modifications (including incorporations of —OH and oxygen comprised functionality) to expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) surfaces. This is effected through the use of low damage, radio frequency glow discharge (RFGD) processes. The low damage conditions, which preserve the original pore structure/morphology of these RFGD treated materials, are supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) while the resulting atomic and molecular effects are investigated through other surface analytical methodology. All materials reported in this investigation have been subjected to intensive structural analyses utilizing Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and wettability profiles obtained through contact angle measurements using a large series of liquids having varying surface tensions and surface reactive functionality. Through this multitechnique analysis of both expanded PTFE and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) treated surfaces, a model is supported which illustrates surfaces possessing both high and low energy regions comprising both oxygen and fluorine functionality in close molecular proximity.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 3 (1991), S. 343-350 
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A New class of highly electroactive hydride-forming compounds is described as well as simple metallurgical methods for producing these materials. The new type of metal alloys consist of two different crystallographic phases. The bulk phase is responsible for hydrogen storage and is formed by the stable multicomponent “standard alloy” of the AB5 type. The second phase homogeneously decorates the surface of the bulk phase and ensures a high electrocatalytic activity. In composing this second phase no precious metals are required, but carefully selected combinations of transition metals can be used. Very high overall exchange currents and discharge efficiencies are obtained, even at low temperature. Cycle life and storage capacities are comparable with the values found for the standard alloy. Substituting small amounts of B-metals with highly electrocatalytic elements was also found to be effective in improving the electroactivity of AB5 compounds. However, a drawback of this method is that significant improvements are obtained only when precious metals are incorporated. Double-phase materials must therefore be considered as more serious candidates for use in future nickel/metal-hydride batteries with high charge/discharge capability.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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