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  • 1990-1994  (27)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (13)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (8)
  • Organic Chemistry  (8)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (5)
  • Drosophilidae
  • cactus
Source
Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of larval and adult P-450 activity levels for alkaloid metabolism in desertDrosophila (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1893-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; cytochrome P-450 ; poly-substrate monooxygenase ; cactus ; alkaloids ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system has been implicated in plant utilization by at least three species ofDrosophila (D. nigrospiracula, D. mettleri, andD. mojavensis) that are endemic to the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Basal and induced levels of total cytochrome P-450 were determined for third-instar and decapitated 2- to 5-day post eclosion adults of the three desert species. Total P-450 levels, both basal and induced for all species assayed, were significantly higher for adults than for larvae by up to 20-fold. On a per organism basis, the levels of in vitro metabolism of the cactus alkaloid, carnegine, and patterns of response to induction by cactus tissue for adult desertDrosophila approximated those of larvae. Induction by phenobarbital, however, resulted in levels of in vitro carnegine metabolism that were up to 5.6-fold higher in adults than in larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear development: II. Morphometric changes in the conducting apparatus of the chick (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 212 (1992), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ontogeny of various middle-ear structures was examined in 11 groups of chicks between 10 days embryonic and adult. Measurements of the tympanic membrane surface area and height, columella length, and that of the columella footplate, annular ligament, and oval window area were obtained using video micrographs and computer digitization techniques. The oval window matures first at 53 days post-hatching, whereas the columella achieves adult size at 74 days. The tympanic membrane surface area is the last middle-ear variable studied to reach adult size (79 days post-hatch). The columella increases its length from 0.63 mm (10 days embryonic) to 2.73 mm in the adult. The tympanic membrane area expands by 280% whereas the columellar footplate area increases by 11x. As a result, the pressure amplification of the middle ear due to the tympanic membrane/columellar footplate area ratio improves by over 400%. These data further contribute to our understanding of the functional development of the middle ear. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052120305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Michaelis complexes of porcine pancreatic elastase with 7-[(alkylcarbamoyl)amino]-4-chloro-3-ethoxyisocoumarins: Translational sampling of inhibitor position and kinetic measurements (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 13 (1992), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: serine protease ; MNDO Hamiltonian ; SCF charges ; energy minimization ; dissociation constant ; inhibitor design ; catalytic mechanism ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A step leading to the formation of the covalent complexes between porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and 7-[(alkylcarbamoyl)amino]-4-chloro-3-ethoxyisocoumarins (alkylHNCO-EICs) is the formation of the non-covalent Michaelis complex. No average structures are available for the Michaelis complexes of PPE with alkylHNCO-EICs. We present the results of an initial step in obtaining these structures and have determined kinetic constants as well. The kinetic results indicate that formation of the Michaelis complex is what differentiates the effectiveness of these inhibitors in inactivating PPE. The structural and kinetic results together suggest that the structure of the Michaelis complex is necessary for the design of potent alkylHNCO-EIC inhibitors of PPE. Two novel alkylHNCO-EICs are predicted to be the best inhibitors of this series. An alternate mechanism for serine protease inhibition is also proposed. Evidence for, and studies that may add support to, the hypothesized mechanism are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340130207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic characterization of baculovirus-induced cell death in insect cell cultures (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 104-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: baculovirus ; insect cell culture ; cell death ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The death process of baculovirus-infected insect cells was divided into two phases: a constant viability (or delay) phase characterized by a delay time (td) and a first-order death phase characterized by a half-life (t1/2). These two parameters were used in conjunction with the n-target theory to classify the kinetics of cell death under various conditions, including different multiplicity of infection (MOI), host cell lines, virus types, incubation volumes, cell density and extracellular L(+)-lactate and ammonium concentrations. Two groups of kinetic effects were found: one characterized by a constant number of hypothetical targets and the other by decreased numbers of hypothetical targets. The first group includes effects such as MOI, virus types, and host cell lines. The second includes the effects of environmental perturbations, such as incubation volume, cell density, and extracellular concentrations of L(+)-lactate and ammonium. Although the underlying mechanisms of these effects are as yet unknown, the death kinetics of infected cells significantly affects the recombinant protein production. In general, foreign protein production does not correlate with the cell life after infection © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of transcriptional and translational processes in hepatocytes cultured in a collagen sandwich (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 593-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: transcription ; translation ; mathematical model ; protein synthesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model which simulates the dynamic behavior of the hepatocytes cultured in a collagen sandwich is presented. Using several independently determined experimental parameters (e.g., albumin gene nuclear runoff activity, the level of albumin mRNA, and the albumin secretion rate), we have used this model to calculate the in vivo albumin gene transcriptional rate (0.27 molecules per second per hepatocyte), the half-life of albumin mRNA (3.3 days) in cultured hepatocytes, and the albumin polypeptide elongation rate (10 amino acids per second). In addition, the characteristic time constants for the transient increases in transcription (5 days) and in translation (10 days) were also obtained. These bestfit parameters were used to predict the rate of albumin secretion in rescued hepatocytes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410512
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental determination of flux control distribution in biochemical systems: In vitro model to analyze transient metabolite concentrations (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 1121-1128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: flux control coefficient ; metabolic control analysis ; enzyme kinetics ; glycolysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Determination of the control coefficients allows the identification of rate-controlling steps in a reaction system. However, the measurement of the flux control coefficients in a biochemical system is not a trivial task, except for some special cases. We have developed a theoretical basis for the direct determination of these coefficients from dynamic responses. In order to show the validity of this methodology experimentally, the dynamic approach is applied to an in vitro reconstituted partial glycolytic pathway to determine the flux control coefficients of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. It is shown that the dynamic approach gives consistent results, which agree well with values obtained by the direct enzyme titration method. The detailed procedure and potential applications to other systems, such as immobilized enzyme or cell reactors, are discussed. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260411116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-Acetyl-D and L-esters of 5′-AMP hydrolyze at different rates (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 150-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: aminoacyl adenylate esters ; hydrolytic stabilization by intramolecular interaction ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of the properties of aminoacyl derivatives of 5′-AMP are aimed at understanding the origin of the process of protein synthesis. Aminoacyl (2′,3′) esters of 5′-AMP can serve as models of the 3′-terminus of aminoacyl tRNA. We report here on the relative rates of hydrolysis of AC-D- and L-Phe AMP esters as a function of pH. At all pHs above 3, the rate constant of hydrolysis of the AC-L-Phe ester is 1.7 to 2.1 times that of AC-D-Phe ester. The D-isomer seems partially protected from hydrolysis by a stronger association with the adenine ring of the 5′-AMP. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition kinetics of ML-1035 sulfoxide enantiomers and the prochiral sulfide in rats (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 428-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantiomeric pharmacokinetics ; benzamides ; gastroprokinetic agents ; prochirality ; chiral sulfoxidation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ML-1035, 4-amino-5-chloro-2-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethoxy]-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]benzamide, is a sulfoxide compound and a racemic gastroprokinetic agent with a chiral center at the sulfur atom. We have investigated the disposition kinetics of (R)-ML-1035 sulfoxide (R) and (S)-ML-1035 sulfoxide (S) after the single enantiomers and the racemic mixture were administered to rats in separate experiments. There was no noticeable chiral inversion after either enantiomer dose. Both enantiomers were rapidly absorbed. After dosing with enantiomers or with the racemate, the resulting plasma concentration-time curve of R was closely parallel to that of S in both intravenous and oral experiments, suggesting that the two enantiomers have approximately the same disposition kinetics. After intravenous enantiomer doses, only S underwent conversion to sulfide, suggesting that sulfidation in the liver is enantioselective. However, the enantioselective sulfidation after intravenous dosing did not introduce a difference in the global plasma disposition profiles between R and S, since the reduction reaction is a minor metabolic process. Other metabolic reactions such as sulfonation and mono-N-desethylations were not enantioselective. After oral administration, conversion to sulfide was observed for both enantioners, implicating the existence of a nonhepatic pathway in sulfidation. Administration of a prochiral sulfide dose was associated with an enantioselective sulfoxidation, in which the R/S concentration ratios increased as a function of time. In addition, enantiomeric interaction causing changes in pharmacokinetic parameters was observed after the oral racemate dose, while the interaction is negligible after an intravenous racemate dose, indicating a route dependency in enantiomeric interaction. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050607
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Middle-ear development VI: Structural maturation of the rat conducting apparatus (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 239 (1994), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Middle ear ; Auditory ; Hearing development ; Ossicles ; Tympanic membrane ; Rat (Long Evans strain) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The contribution of middle-ear development to the overall development of hearing has not been explored in great detail. This presentation describes the maturation of conductive elements in the rat middle ear, and provides the basis on which future studies of middle-ear functional development will follow.Methods: The middle-ear apparatus was examined at nine different ages (between 1 and 80 days postpartum) in Long Evans rats. At each age elements of the conducting apparatus were observed with either light or scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantitative measurements were made from video enhanced photomicrographs. Tympanic membrane area and cone depth, the length of the malleus and incus arms, ossicular weight, stapes foot plate and oval window areas, and bulla volume were all measured. Development of the area and lever ratios were derived from these measurements. The data were fitted to exponential equations and the time in days required to reach 90% of the adult level determined.Results: The pars tensa achieved 90% of total area by 17 days. The oval window achieved the 90% criterion by 13 days, while the area ratio was within 10% of its adult size by 8 days. The ossicles took between 26 and 34 days, while bulla volume took 59 days to reach the 90% level.Conclusions: Middle-ear growth was very orderly and systematic in the data reported. When maturation of the area ratio was considered against development of the endocochlear potential or the round window compound action potential, it was clear that the growth of this important aspect of the middle ear preceded the onset of cochlear function. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092390413
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and dynamics of dicyandiamide: A theoretical study (1991)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 4 (1991), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ab initio MO methods have been used to study the structures and energetics of dicyandiamide, [(NH2)2C=N—C≡N], its isomers, protonated species, radical anions, transition structures for internal conformational change and transition structures for isomerization. Structures were optimized at the HF/STO-3G, HF/3-21G and HF/6-31G* levels; selected barrier heights for smaller analogues were also computed at the MP4SDTQ/6-31G* level. The most stable isomer of dicyandiamide has the cyano group on the imine nitrogen [1, (NH2)2C=NC≡N]; the other isomer [2, HN=C(NH2)NH—C≡N] lies 12.8 kcal mol-1 higher. Inversion at the imino nitrogen proceeds by a linear, in plane process with a barrier of 32.5 kcal mol-1. The amino rotation barriers are 19 kcal mol-1 (single NH2) and 40 kcal mol-1 (both NH2 in a conrotaory or a disrotatory fashion; if the NH2 groups are allowed to pyramidalize the disrotatory barrier drops to 20 kcal mol)-1. Protonation occurs preferentially on the imine nitrogen (PA = 219.7 kcal mol-1 for 1); the proton affinities PA of the amino nitrogens are 25-30 kcal mol-1 lower. Isomerization between 2 and 1 would go via a 1,3-sigmatropic hydrogen shift, but the barrier is high (48.3 kcal mol-1); protonation reduces the hydrogen shift barrier by ca 15 kcal mol-1. However, the most likely mechanism for isomerization involves protonation of the imine nitrogen in 2 followed by deprotonation of the cyano-substituted nitrogen to form 1, circumventing the energetically costly 1,3-sigmatropic hydrogen shift. When an electron is transferred to dicyandiamide, a sizeable fraction of the resonance stabilization of the guanidine moiety is lost.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610040302
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