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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid and retinoid regulation of alpha-2 type I procollagen promoter activity (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 26-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: collagen gene regulation ; collagen gene expression ; glucocorticoid collagen gene regulation ; retinoid collagen gene regulation ; dexamethasone ; trans-retinoic acid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Glucocorticoids decrease type I procollagen synthesis by decreasing the steady state levels of procollagen mRNAs and mRNA synthesis. The present studies were undertaken to determine the functional sequences of the proα2(1) collagen gene required for the glucocorticoid-mediated decrease of type I procollagen mRNA synthesis. Embryonic mouse fibroblasts were stably transfected with the pR40 DNA CAT construct containing the 5′ flanking region fragment from -2048 to +54 and the intronic fragment from +418 to +1524 of the mouse α2(I) collagen gene. Dexamethasone treatment of these pR40 transfected fibroblasts resulted in a significant decrease in CAT activity which agrees with the glucocorticoid-mediated decrease of the steady state levels of type I procollagen mRNAs. To determine the ppossible role of the first intron fragment in the dexamethasone-mediated decrease of CAT activity, pR36, a CAT plasmid containing the first intron fragment and the SV40 early promoter, was trasnfected into mouse fibroblasts and treated with dexamethasone. No significant decrease in CAT activity was observed. The dexamethasone-mediated response was then localized within the 5′ flanking region by preparing a series of constructs containing internal deletions and transfecting these plasmids into mouse fibroblasts. The regions -2048 to -981 and -506 to -351 were required for the dexamethasone response of gene activity. However, the DNA stretch from -981 to -506 was not. Analysis of the DNA sequences of these regions revelaed a singel GRE at -1023 to -1018 and a modified doublet at -873 to -856. The doublet GRE contains and A/T strand switch of the third base pair as compared to the single GRE and is not necessary for dexamethasone regulation of gene activity. All-trans-retionic acid increased CAT activity of the same pR40 CAT construct transfected in the mouse fibroblasts. DNA sequencing revealed a RARE and a modified RARE in the stretch of DNA from -981 to -506. Deletion of only the latter DNA region eliminated the elevation of CAT activity elicited by all-trans-retinoic acid. Our results indicate that the single GRE and the RARE are required for glucocorticoid and retinoic acid regulation of proα2(I) collagen gene activity, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240500107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tongue structure and function in Oplurus cuvieri (reptilia: Iguanidae) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 238 (1994), S. 263-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Tongue ; Surface ; Musculature ; Iguanidae ; Reptile ; S.E.M. ; Histology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy of the hyo-lingual apparatus in the iguanid lizard Oplurus cuvieri has been studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Four areas were observed on the dorsal lingual epithelium of the lizard. Tongue tips are covered with a smooth epithelium. Closely packed flattened and cylindriform papillae cover the foretongue. The surface of the midtongue bears an unpapillose epithelium. Short conical papillae are arranged on the two lateral posterior bundles of the tongue. At high magnification, microvilli and microridges are widely distributed over the surface of the papillae. The epithelium of the papillae is composed of cells filled with secretory granules. Each surface plays successive roles during food ingestion, intra-buccal transport, and swallowing. The mucous interpapillary spaces would serve the adherence between the tongue and the food, the smooth epithelium of the midtongue should facilitate movements of the prey toward the pharynx, and conical papillae of the hindtongue present a rough surface which should act on the prey during the swallowing phase. The intrinsic morphology of the tongue is rather similar to that previously described for iguanids, but fibers of M. verticalis encircles ventrally the lingual process. These fibers could act in tongue protrusion as previously suggested for agamids. The morphology and function of the extrinsic tongue musculature and the hyoid musculature, analysed by electrical stimulations, are similar to the previous descriptions in iguanids and agamids either for feeding or displaying functions. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092380212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and kinematic study of the tongue and buccal cavity in the lizard Anguis fragilis (Reptilia: Anguidae) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 240 (1994), S. 423-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Anguidae ; Buccal cavity ; Histology ; SEM ; Taste buds ; Tongue ; Vomeronasal organ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. The ability to detect chemical cues is highly developed in Scleroglossa, and particularly in anguid lizards. This ability was predicted because anguids possess a well-developed vomeronasal organ (VNO) (or Jacobson's organ) and rely largely on chemical cues in various behaviours as other active foragers. In this work, we have investigated the possible functional association between tongue flicking and the VNO in the lizard Anguis fragilis.Methods. The morphology of the tongue and the buccal cavity was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The kinematics of tongue and jaw movements was studied by high speed cinematography.Results. The epithelial cells of the ventral aspect of the tongue tips show microstructures (microridges, microfacets, micropores) which are not present on other areas of the mouth. Beneath the tongue, the floor of the buccal cavity shows two concave-like elevations suggesting a structural analogy with the anterior processes described in snakes. The apex and the internal margin of these processes bear parallel oblique ridges. Taste buds occur anteriorly on the buccal floor and on the palate and are abundant on the internal side and on the edge on the anterior processes. The tongue showed three modes of tongue flicking: simple downward extension, single oscillation, and multiple oscillations. At each tongue flick, the ventral surface of the tips was observed contacting the substratum. Immediately after the tongue retraction, the buccal floor moved slightly upward. The observation of tongue flicking with the mouth open showed that the anterior processes moved upward when the tongue was retracted.Conclusions. These observations suggest the following: (1) during tongue flicking the ventral surface of the tongue tips invariably makes contact with the substratum; (2) the microstructures of the tongue tips and the ridges of the anterior processes might be helpful for collecting and receiving, respectively, chemicals during tongue flicking; (3) the anterior processes may be apposed on the roof of the mouth next to the ducts of VNOs when the buccal floor is fully elevated; (4) due to their localization, the taste buds could be equally stimulated by the molecules transferred during tongue flicking. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092400315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of interleukin-1β production in human dermal fibroblasts by interleukin-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α. Involvement of protein kinase-dependent and adenylate cyclase-dependent regulatory pathways (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 47 (1991), S. 174-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: dermal fibroblasts ; interleukin-1 ; tumor necrosis factor-α ; protein kinase C ; cyclic AMP ; prostaglandin E2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: It has previously been demonstrated that interleukin-1 (IL-1) is expressed in a variety of fibroblast cell lines. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the regulation of IL-1β production by cultured human dermal fibroblasts. We have shown that IL-1β is constitutively expressed as a cell-associated form, with no soluble form detectable in control cell or in stimulated cell supernatants. IL-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) exerted a dose-depdent stimulation on the production of the cell-associated IL-1β, as estimated using a specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As expected, this effect was accompanied by a huge release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and a transient rise in intracellular cyclic AMP. Furthermore, IL-1β production was elevated to a lesser extent by the addition of increasing concentrations of the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate or by low concentration (0.001 μg/ml) of PGE2. In contrast, higher concentrations (0.1 and 1. μg/ml) of PGE2, as well as exogenous dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, were clearly inhibitory. H7, an inhibitor of protein kinases also reduced the stimulatory effect of IL-1α and TNF-α. Together with the results obtained with phorbol myristate acetate, these data suggest that protein kinase C may play a role in the upregulation of IL-1β expression in normal skin fibroblasts. The addition of indomethacin not only suppressed prostaglandin synthesis, but also dramatically reduced cyclic AMP formation, probably because the PGE2-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase was abolished. This resulted in a strong potentiation of the stimulatory effect of IL-1α and TNF-α, supporting the role of both the cyclooxygenase and adenylate cyclase pathways in the endogenous downregulation of IL-1β induction by the two cytokines studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240470211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of P, Ca, and S in the mucus secretory granules of the cryofixed frog palate epithelium (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: X-ray microanalysis ; Respiratory epithelium ; Secretory cells ; Cryofixation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In respiratory epithelium, the mucus is densely packed inside the secretory granules (SG) of secretory cells (SC) before being released by exocytosis in the airway lumen. We have previously shown that the frog palate is a representative model of respiratory epithelium and that rapid cryofixation is a very effective technique in preserving the integrity of the mucus SG. The concentration of phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), and calcium (Ca) were analysed inside the SG of the SC of frog palate after quick freezing, cryosubstitution, and embedding in Lowicryl resin at low temperature. The experiments were carried out using X-ray microanalysis conducted with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) at 100 kV. The quantitation was carried out using the continuum method with reference to Agar standards. The cryofixation permitted us to distinguish two types of SG depending on whether they were electron dense (serous cells) or electron-lucent (mucous cells). A significant (P 〈 0.001) difference in the S concentration was observed between the individual serous (239 ± 79 mmol.kg-1) and the mucous SG (161 ± 48 mmol.kg-1). No significant difference could be identified in the Ca concentration between the two SG phenotypes. In the serous SG, the P content was high (41 ± 17 mmol.kg-1) compared with the mucous SG where it was not measurable. The comparison of the three element concentrations in each type of secretory cells showed that significant differences in concentration of S and Ca concentration could be observed from one SC cell to another. A significant correlation (r = 0.76, P 〈 0.01) was observed between the S concentration and the topographical position of the SG inside the SC, the more proximal to the lumen, the higher the S concentration, suggesting that the maturation of the SG involves an increase in the protein content possibly due to a maturation process before the mucus exocytosis. Therefore, these results suggest that the elemental composition of granules varies according to the phenotype of the secretory cells and that changes in the S content from one SG to another or even inside the same cell may reflect a differential state in the functional activity of the secretory cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mouse oocyte maturation is affected by lithium via the polyphosphoinositide metabolism and the microtubule network (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Mouse oocyte ; Meiosis ; Lithium ; InsP3 ; myo-inositol ; Chromatin ; Microtubules ; Cell cycle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The incubation of mechanically denuded mouse oocytes in medium containing LiCl delayed both germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and polar body extrusion in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. When myo-inositol alone was added to the culture medium, we observed that it accelerated GVBD and increased the rate of polar body extrusion, whereas, when combined with LiCl, the normal timing of GVBD was recovered. In the same way, when inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) was microinjected into the ooplasma, we observed an important improvement of the rate of GVBD, as compared to control oocytes, and prevention of lithium inhibition. However, neither myo-inositol nor InsP3 were able to rescue totally the oocytes from the negative effect of lithium on polar body extrusion. Moreover, lithium induced some important changes in microtubule and chromosome organizations. Before extrusion of the first polar body, the reduction of the spindle size or the appearance of short individualized chromosomes dispersed around a large aster of microtubules were often observed, whereas, after polar body extrusion, the spindle appeared smaller and chromosomes were often trapped in the midbody. Thus lithium affects mouse oocyte maturation at two different levels: GVBD and polar body extrusion. Whereas the former seems to be affected via polyphosphoinositide turnover, the latter is InsP3-independent and seems to be influenced negatively via underdevelopment of microtubular structures. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080380210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TGF-β-induced G2/M delay in proliferating rabbit articular chondrocytes is associated with an enhancement of replication rate and a cAMP decrease: Possible involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 291-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to gain more insight into the mechanism whereby TGF-β influences the cell cycle progression of cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes. Using proliferating chondrocytes in fetal calf serum-containing medium, we have previously shown that TGF-β induced a recruitment of cells at the end of the S phase (G2/M) observed 24 h after addition. The delayed cells may then be released, producing a proliferative effect at 48 h, provided a substantial amount of FCS (10%) is present in the medium. Otherwise, in low level of serum (2% FCS, for example), only inhibition of cell proliferation is observed. In chondrocytes synchronized in S phase by a thymidine block, we investigated here the time-course incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA, the cell cycle traverse by flow cytofluorometric study of DNA content, the expression of PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), and cAMP levels. The data demonstrate that TGF-β provoked a decrease of cAMP content (0.5-1 h) followed by an enhancement of the DNA synthesis rate (4 h) which was detectable through cytofluorometric analysis and [3H]-thymidine labeling and correlated with the PCNA expression. In contrast, addition of cAMP analogues to the cultures resulted in an inhibition of replication rate. We also showed that pertussis toxin produced a decrease of the DNA synthesis rate, in a transient manner and only in the presence of TGF-β. All these results suggest that TGF-β may accelerate the replication process of cyclized chondrocytes, making then accumulate at the G2/M boundary, via a mechanism that could involve the adenylate cyclase activity and a Gi-protein. The factor might be responsible for producing a pool of cells having already replicated their DNA and therefore capable of re-entering the cell cycle without delay. This cell population could serve as a tissue reserve able to induce a mitosis wave when necessary - for example, in the repair of tissue damage.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500211
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model for the regulation of platelet volume and responsiveness by the trans-membrane Na+/K+-pump (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 151 (1992), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The correspondence between K+ uptake in platelets to their responsiveness was studied using 86Rb+ as an analogue of K+. An average 86Rb+ uptake rate of 0.73 (± 0.140) × 10-15 mole Rb+/min-plt (n = 20) was observed. By the use of K+-influx inhibitors, we were able to distinguish three distinct 86Rb+ uptake pathways: an ouabain-sensitive (61% ± 2% inhibitable) pump and two equivalent channels, only one of which is sensitive to furosemide. Other platelet parameters were also examined in conjunction with K+-uptake. Platelets incubated with ouabain exhibited an overall rise in their cell volume (MPV) with incubation time (ΔMPV = 7.4 × 10-17 L/min 1plt-1). Concomitantly, over 24 hours, a steady decrease in platelet number was recorded by blood cell coulter, which correlated inversely with the counts of particles, which by their size resemble white blood cells (r = 0.89). On a cellular level. incubation with ouabain induced greater expression of surface fibrinogen-receptor (GPIIb), increased binding of FITC-labelled fibrinogen, and increased responsiveness to ADP. Our observations suggest the following sequence of events: Ouabain turns off the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, which leads to water accumulation in platelets and concomitant increased MPV. Greater expression of fibrinogen receptors on the distended platelet surface corresponds to spontaneous microaggregate formation as well as greater respon-siveness to agonists. Our model links volume regulation, the expression of fibrinogen receptors, and the sensitivity of platelets to agonists to the activity of the Na+K+-ATPase pump. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041510205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Packaging zinc, fibrinogen, and factor XIII in platelet α-granules (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 156 (1993), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zirc(II) accumulated by platelets has profound effects on platelet activity. This study is focused on the distribution of Zn(II) between human platelet subcellular compartments. After incubation with 86Rb+ and platelet lysis, the organelles were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Fibrinogen served as a marker for α-granules. 86Rb+ and factor XIII served as markers for the cytoplasmic fractions. Zn(II) was found to be distributed between the cytoplasm and the α-granules, with variations between different individual units. The total platelet Zn concentration and its relative subcellular distribution were dependent on its extracellular level. Incubation of platelets with 100 μM Zn(II) resulted in a twofold increase of its level in the cytoplasm and by one order of magnitude in the α-granules. In addition to the anticipated factor XIII activity in the cytoplasmic pool fraction, we found thrombin-inducible factor XIII activity within the α-granules. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence of both the a and b subunits of plasma factor XIII (a2b2 form) in the α-granules. As fibrinogen is not synthesized in the platelet, we propose that by virtue of their mutual binding, fibrinogen, Zn(II) and plasma factor XIII-a2b2 are simultaneously taken up into the α-granules by endocytosis, presumably through the vehicle of the GPIIb/IIIa fibrinogen receptor. A rationale for copackaging these components within the α-granules is that Zn(II) inhibits factor XIII activity and thereby prevents the premature cross-linking of the concentrated fibrinogen prior to platelet activation and secretion. By contrast, cytoplasmic Zn(II) may increase platelet responsiveness to agonists due to its interaction with cytoplasmic modulators of platelet activity. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041560302
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential regulation of cerebroside sulfotransferase and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase by basic fibroblast growth factor in relation to proliferation in rat oligodendrocyte cultures (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 150 (1992), S. 34-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Previous results (Fressinaud, C., Sarliève, L.L., and Labourdette, G. J. J. Cell. Physiol., 141:667-674, 1989b) have shown that cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST; EC 2.8.2.11) is enriched in pure rat oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures and that its activity is increased by factors mitogenic for OL precursors and galactocere-broside (GC) expressing OL, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and high insulin concentrations. In contrast, transforming growth factor β or low insulin concentrations were found to be ineffective in this culture system. As bFGF mainly enhanced the proliferation of OL precursors (GC negative cells) rather than that of differentiated (GC +) cells, a relationship between OL precursor proliferation and CST increase was suggested. This hypothesis was first tested in 20-day-old OL cultures grown in chemically defined medium. The dose-response curve of [125I] lododeoxyuridine ([125I]dUrd) incorporation toward bFGF was parallel to that of CST specific activity, and maximal stimulation was reached at 5 ng/ml bFGF for both. In contrast, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP; EC 3.1.4.37) specific activity decreased after bFGF treatment. To determine if CST increase was linked to the proliferation of OL precursors induced by bFGF, cell proliferation was blocked by cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). From 10-8 to 10-5M ARA-C there was a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and a decrease in CST specific activity, whereas CNP specific activity was enhanced. When the cells were treated with bFGF and 10-6M ARA-C together, the proliferation was completely blocked and CST activity decreased by 72% below control values, whereas CNP activity was not significantly decreased. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the number of sulfatide-expressing cells and the number of cycling cells were increased after bFGF treatment, but that there was no overlapping between these two populations. Taken together these results suggest that CST activity and sulfatide expression appear shortly after the arrest of OL precursor division.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041500106
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