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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • Chemistry  (8)
  • Engineering
  • Succinate:cytochrome c reductase
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of canola meal proteins by precipitation (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: rapeseed protein recovery ; isoelectric precipitation ; HMP ; CMC ; ammonium sulphate ; nitrogen yield ; aggregate size ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recovery of rapeseed proteins from defatted canola meal by precipitation was investigated. The ability of different precipitating agents, such as sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), ammonium sulphate, and isoelectric precipitation using HCl, were evaluated based on the yield and mean size of protein aggregates. Almost 94% of dissolved protein was precipitated in the presence of 2.7M ammonium sulphate, while the largest mean protein particle size (32 μm) was obtained in the presence of HMP at pH 3.3.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260400110
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dielectric behavior of glassy amorphous polymers at 2.45 GHz (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1110-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric behavior of glassy thermoplastic polymer in the microwave frequency range was investigated. Specifically, the relationship between energy absorption and temperature for several thermoplastic systems was examined to test the theoretical basis for heating under microwave irradiation. Irradiation under traveling and standing wave conditions were explored. The heating rate versus temperature data at a frequency of 2.45 GHz yielded a microwave calorimetry procedure for examination of the dielectric and relaxation behaviors. Correlations were drawn between (a) the apparent activation energy and the critical temperature, and (b) the shape of the dielectric spectra at 2.45 GHz and its shape in the kHz region. WLF relationships were examined for glassy thermoplastics to show the difference in changing activation energy with temperature.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331704
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic ideas of microwave processing of polymers (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1092-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of this effort has been to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and microwave absorptivity. Dielectric loss factor, ε″, loss tangent, tan δ, and oscillator strength, (εS -- ε∞), were used to evaluate potential material processability under applied microwave radiation. Numerous polymeric materials varying in chemical and physical structures were irradiated in a low power (≤ 100W) electric field at 2.45 GHz. Electromagnetic radiation was applied as either traveling or resonant wave modes in cylindrical and rectangular waveguides. In general, heatability was found to be a direct function of the dielectric loss dispersion dependence on temperature and frequency. The dielectric loss factor obtained at low frequency measurements was found to be directly proportional to the heatability of polymers. A WLF plot was used to predict the shift of dielectric loss maxima into or out of the microwave frequency range.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolyesters. I. Sequence distribution of poly(butylene terephthalate-co-adipate) copolyesters determined by 400 MHz NMR (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 1053-1057 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400537
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microwave processability of semicrystalline polymers (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1122-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The overall objective of these studies was to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and microwave absorptivity. In this paper, the microwave processing of semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), nylons, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), via a cylindrical resonance wave cavity and a rectangular standing wave applicator is described. These polymeric materials were irradiated in low power (〈 50W) electric fields at 2.45 GHz. Silicone flexible molds were necessary for improved processing of nylons and PEEK at temperatures below their Tc Rapid heating rates were observed between the glass transition temperature, Tg, and the melting temperature, Tm, for all these polymers provided that Tc was exceeded. Both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) spectra were utilized to predict the heating phenomena between amorphous and semicrystalline materials and to explain the rapid crystallizing rate of PEEK. above its glass transition temperature. Correlations were drawn between (a) the apparent activation energy and the critical temperature (Tc) and (b) the shape of the dielectric spectra at 2.45 GHz and its shape in kHz region.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331705
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nylon 4/HEMA chemical homografted membrane (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46 (1992), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To enhance the degree of grafting, homografting copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto nylon 4 using a chemical initiator has been attempted. The factors that affect the grafting copolymerization are the concentration of reactants, reaction time, and temperature. The dialysis permeabilities of solutes, water content, surface energy, mechanical properties, and blood compatibility of the membrane were investigated. Under the same reaction conditions, the degree of grafting by the homografting method is remarkably higher than of the heterografting method for the nylon 4-HEMA grafting system. The dialysis permeabilities of NaCl, vitamin B12, and ovalbumin of the homografted membrane with a 14.8% degree of grafting are 2.760, 0.392, and 0.073 × 10-5 cm2/min, respectively. These permeabilities are higher than the corresponding ones of ungrafted nylon 4 membrane. The mol ratios of adsorbed fibrinogen/albumin (F/A) of the heterografted membranes were found to decrease from 0.53 to 0.33, and the surface energy, to increase from 40.6 to 46.4 dyn/cm with the degree of grafting in the range of 12.5-29.9%, and their relationship is not remarkable for the homografted membranes for which the mol ratios of F/A are about 0.22-0.32 with the degree of grafting in the range of 14.8-103.8%. Observed from scanning electron micrographs of the membrane surface, denseness was found to be important to improve blood compatibility. Based on the dialysis permeabilities of solutes and the blood compatibility observed in this study, the homografted nylon 4/HEMA membrane can be considered as a hemodialysis material.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460315
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic acid γ-ray irradiation-grafted nylon 4 membranes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1197-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This study was to improve the performances of nylon 4 membranes for washing waste-water treatment of nuclear power plants, e.g., removal of detergent and salt by membranes. The effects of the degree of grafting and ionization on the reverse osmosis performances of acrylic acid (AA)-grafted nylon 4 membranes by γ-ray irradiation modification were investigated. The relationships of operating conditions, such as feed concentrations of salt and detergent, operating temperature, and pressure, and the performances of water flux and solute rejection of the prepared membranes were obtained. Water flux of the prepared membranes was highly sensitive with the operating temperature. It was found that an increase in the operating pressure could increase the water flux and the impaction effect directly. Water flux and salt rejection were significantly improved by both ionized and nonionized AA-grafted nylon 4 membranes compared to ungrafted nylon 4 membranes. Water flux increased rapidly and solute rejection dropped off slightly as the grafted membranes were ionized. The 100% detergent rejection could be obtained by the nonionized AA-grafted nylon 4 membranes with 38.6 and 69.6% degrees of grafting under various operating conditions. Results obtained showed that these modified nylon 4 membranes were usable for washing waste-water treatment of nuclear power plants. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon-13 NMR investigation of spin-lattice relaxation mechanism of poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1861-1874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements were performed on poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) above the glass transition temperature in order to explain the segmental motion of the molecule by means of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Experiments were carried out for poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) with low, medium, and high molecular weights. The similarity of the T1 values showed that for polymers with a degree of polymerization (DP) 〉 100 the relaxation behavior of the carbon atoms no longer depends on molecular weight. The temperature effects were studied at 358, 363, 373, 383, 393, and 403 K, both on 25.18 and 100.61 MHz magnetic fields. Finally, several mathematical T1 models were applied to study the change of T1 encountered by the individual carbon atoms. The results reveal that the more factors being considered in the calculation the more consistent will be the results obtained with the T1 model. A comparison showed that parameters used in the DLM T1 model gives the best fit. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070511103
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