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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughening of epoxies via craze-like damage (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 595-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: craze-like damage ; toughening mechanisms ; core-shell rubber ; epoxy ; double-notch four-point-bend technique ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fracture behavior of a core-shell rubber (CSR) modified epoxy is investigated using both fracture mechanics and microscopy tools. The CSR-modified epoxy is found to be toughened via numerous line-array cavitations of the CSR particles, followed by plastic flow of the epoxy matrix. The toughening effect via the above craze-like damage process is found to be as effective as that of the well-known widespread rubber cavitation/matrix shear yielding mechanisms. The conditions for triggering the craze-like damage appear to be both stress state and rubber concentration dependent. The type of rubber tougheners utilized also plays a critical role in triggering this rather unusual craze-like damage in epoxy systems. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel staining technique for studying toughening mechanisms in saturated acrylic rubber-modified polymers (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29 (1991), S. 1623-1631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyacrlate rubber-modified polymers, staining technique for study of toughening mechanism in ; toughening mechanisms in polyacrylate-rubber polymers, staining technique for study of ; staining with osmium tetraoxide as investigative technique in rubber-modified polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A novel technique which utilizes a two-stage staining approach, (i.e., styrene absorption followed by osmium tetraoxide staining) is introduced for staining saturated polyacrylate rubbers. This novel staining approach, which stains and hardens polyacrylate rubber, is found to be useful for room temperature microtomy of polyacrylate rubber-modified polymers. Therefore, both the morphology and the crack tip toughening mechanisms of polyacrylate rubber-modified systems can be studied. Details concerning staining time, staining media, and use of solvents are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090291308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical modeling of initiation of localized yielding under plane stress conditions in rigid-rigid polymer alloys (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 793-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional Finite Element Method simulations, which involve consideration of the nonlinearity of a material, have been conducted to gain understanding about the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept we proposed. The simulation results for the plane stress condition indicate that as long as the inclusion phase possesses (i) a 60% difference in the tangent modulus from that of the matrix at any given strain level prior to failure or (ii) smaller yield or craze stain than the yield strain of the matrix, then, localized shear yielding will occur around the inclusion. A toughened rigid-rigid polymer alloy system can then be obtained. The plain strain case is also discussed with an implementation of the rigid-rigid polymer toughening concept.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing morphology and toughening mechanisms of high performance composities using transmission electron microscopy (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The usefulness of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique in probing the morphology and toughening mechanisms of high performance composite systems is demonstrated. TEM provides an effective study of both the morphology and fracture behavior of graphite fiber reinforced epoxy and for cyanate composite systems. The failure process in these composites can be under stood. The TEM technique introduced here is found to be valuable for both fundamental and developmental research in improving both physical and mechanical properties of high performance composites. The present work focuses on demonstrating how a composite can be successfully prepared for TEM investigations. Experimental procedures concerning identification and isolation of the crack tip damage zoen, followed by cutting, trimming, staining, and thin section of the composite sample are detailed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150302
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