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  • 1990-1994  (15)
  • United States  (4)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (3)
  • Evolution  (3)
  • gene expression  (3)
  • Chilling  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental growth of a large volume, chemically zoned magma body: a study of the tephra sequence beneath the Rainier Mesa ash flow sheet of the Timber Mountain Tuff (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key wordsZoned magma body ; Chemical variation ; ash-flow sheets ; Tephra sequence ; Differentiation ; time constraints ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Rainier Mesa ash-flow is a large (1200 km3), 11.6 My old, chemically zoned unit that ranges in composition from 55 to 76% SiO2– one of the largest chemical ranges ever observed in a large volume ash-flow sheet. Two chemical trends occur in this sheet, a low silica (55–66% SiO2) and a high silica (〉66% SiO2) trend. Ninety per cent of the Rainier Mesa sheet occurs in the high silica trend. Immediately beneath the Rainier Mesa sheet is a thick tephra sequence. The chemical variation of this sequence is nearly equivalent to the high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa ash-flow sheet (about 66–78% SiO2). Throughout the tephra sequence numerous small ash-flow layers occur, and each ash-flow layer is chemically zoned from more evolved at the base to less evolved at the top. This is consistent with having been erupted from a zoned magma body. The lowest silica tephra units are at the base of the sequence and the highest silica units are at the top – that is, the large-scale chemical trend of the entire sequence is opposite to that of the individual ash-flow layers. These ash-flow layers are of very small volume. The tephra sequence provides a unique record of the incremental development of the zoned, high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa magma body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326463
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental growth of a large volume, chemically zoned magma body: a study of the tephra sequence beneath the Rainier Mesa ash flow sheet of the Timber Mountain Tuff (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 56 (1994), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Zoned magma body ; Chemical variation ash-flow sheets ; Tephra sequence ; Differentiation time constraints ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Rainier Mesa ash-flow is a large (1200 km3), 11.6 My old, chemically zoned unit that ranges in composition from 55 to 76% SiO2 — one of the largest chemical ranges ever observed in a large volume ash-flow sheet. Two chemical trends occur in this sheet, a low silica (55–66% SiO2) and a high silica (〉66% SiO2) trend. Ninety per cent of the Rainier Mesa sheet occurs in the high silica trend. Immediately beneath the Rainier Mesa sheet is a thick tephra sequence. The chemical variation of this sequence is nearly equivalent to the high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa ash-flow sheet (about 66–78% SiO2). Throughout the tephra sequence numerous small ash-flow layers occur, and each ash-flow layer is chemically zoned from more evolved at the base to less evolved at the top. This is consistent with having been erupted from a zoned magma body. The lowest silica tephra units are at the base of the sequence and the highest silica units are at the top — that is, the large-scale chemical trend of the entire sequence is opposite to that of the individual ash-flow layers. These ash-flow layers are of very small volume. The tephra sequence provides a unique record of the incremental development of the zoned, high silica portion of the Rainier Mesa magma body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326463
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fervidobacterium islandicum sp. nov., a new extremely thermophilic eubacterium belonging to the “Thermotogales” (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Eubacterium ; Thermophile ; Evolution ; Fervidobacterium ; Lipids ; Thermotoga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An extremely thermophilic anaerobic fermentative eubacterium growing at temperatures between 50 and 80°C (opt.: 65°C) was isolated from an Icelandic hot spring. The cells were Gram-negative motile rods, about 1.8 μm in length, and 0.6 μm in width occurring singly and in pairs. About 50% of the cells formed large spheroids at one end similar to Fervidobacterium nodosum. The new isolate H 21 differed from Fervidobacterium nodosum by a 6 mol % higher GC-content of its DNA (41 mol %), its ability to grow on cellulose, and insignificant DNA homology. The lipids of isolate H 21 were similar to that of members of “Thermotogales”. 16S rRNA sequencing of isolate H 21 and Fervidobacterium nodosum indicated (a) that isolate H 21 represents a new species of the genus Fervidobacterium which we name Fervidobacterium islandicum and (b) that the genus Fervidobacterium belongs to the “Thermotogales” branch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An altered constitutive peptide in sym 5 mutants of Pisum sativum L. (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: developmental mutant ; gene expression ; nodule formation ; Pisum sativum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutational analysis of Pisum sativum L. was used to search for constitutive proteins that might function in nodule formation. The sym 5 locus is a mutational hot spot, represented by seven independently derived mutant lines with decreased nodulation. Comparison of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of in vitro-translated root RNA showed a consistent difference in the migrational pattern of one peptide. In the nodulating parental cultivar ‘Sparkle’, a 66 kDa peptide had a pI of 5.9. In four of the five tested sym 5 mutants, the 66 kDa peptide had a more acidic pI of 5.8. This 66 kDa peptide is found in lateral root, tap root, and shoot. Its expression was independent of rhizobial inoculation, root temperature, or light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018561
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term chilling of young tomato plants under low light and subsequent recovery (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 186 (1992), S. 172-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chilling ; Growth (low temperature) ; Lycopersicon (chilling) ; Photosynthesis (chilling effects) ; Stomatal resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of unfavourable climatic conditions at the onset of the growth period on chilling-sensitive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Abunda) was studied by exposing young plants to combinations of low temperature and low light (60–100 μmol quanta · m−2 · s−1) for several weeks. When the temperature did not decrease below a critical point (8 ° C) no loss of developmental capacity of the plants was detected. However, while new leaves were readily formed upon return to normal growth conditions (22/18 °C, day/night, in a greenhouse), net accumulation of biomass showed a lag phase of approximately one week. This delay was accompanied by a strong, irreversible inhibition of photosynthesis in the fully expanded leaves which had been exposed to the chilling treatment. When plants were subjected to temperatures below 8 ° C, survival rates decreased after three weeks at 6 ° C and irreversible damage of apical meristematic tissue occurred. Drought-hardening prior to chilling ensured survival at 6 ° C and protected the plants against meristem loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196246
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term chilling of young tomato plants under low light and subsequent recovery (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 186 (1992), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chilling ; Chlorophyll fluorescence ; Lycopersicon (chilling) ; Photoinhibition ; Photosynthate partitioning ; Photosynthesis (chilling effects) ; Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To identify possible reasons for the persisting impairment of photosynthesis after long-term chilling, young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were exposed to 6–10° C for two weeks under low illumination during the daily light period (60–100 μmol quanta · m−2 · s−1). The time courses of leaf carbohydrate contents, phosphorylated intermediates and chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters were followed. While starch formation was impaired during chilling at 6° C, soluble sugar contents increased from the first day onwards and reached up to eightfold the values found in unchilled plants within two weeks. At 8 and 10° C, a less drastic increase in soluble-carbohydrate contents was observed. During chilling, glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate accumulated up to 16 mM (assuming they are restricted to the cytoplasm). At the same time, non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence had increased and did not return to control values during the first week of recovery. The 3-phosphoglyceric acid/triose phosphate ratio remained nearly unaffected by the chilling treatment, indicating that the assimilatory power of the plants was still high even at the low temperatures. As a consequence of the chilling treatment, ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity in the chilled leaves was irreversibly decreased. It is suggested that, in addition to a possible (orthophosphate-mediated) feedback inhibition by internal sugar accumulation, the low activity of Rubisco can play a significant role in the strong decrease of photosynthetic capacity during long-term chilling in tomato.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196247
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar, meat, and fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women (United States) (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 38-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Anthropometry ; colonic neoplasms ; dietary fats ; females ; lifestyle ; meat ; prospective studies ; reproduction ; sucrose ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the relation of dietary intakes of sucrose, meat, and fat, and anthropometric, lifestyle, hormonal, and reproductive factors to colon cancer incidence, data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of 35,215 Iowa (United States) women, aged 55–69 years and without a history of cancer, who completed mailed dietary and other questionnaires in 1986. Through 1990, 212 incident cases of colon cancer were documented. Proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for age and other risk factors. Risk factors found to be associated significantly with colon cancer included: (i) sucrose-containing foods and beverages other than ice cream/milk; relative risks (RR) across the quintiles=1.00, 1.73, 1.56, 1.54, and 2.00 (95% confidence intervals [CI] for quintiles two and five exclude 1.0); (ii) sucrose; RR across the quintiles=1.00, 1.70, 1.81, 1.82, and 1.45 (CI for quintiles two through four exclude 1.0); (iii) height; RR=1.23 for highest to lowest quintile (P for trend-0.02); (iv) body mass index; RR=1.41 for highest to lowest quintile (P for trend=0.03); and (v) number of livebirths, RR=1.59 for having had one to two livebirths and 1.80 for having had three or more livebirths compared with having had none (P for trend=0.04). These data support hypotheses that sucrose intake or being tall or obese increases colon cancer risk; run contrary to the hypothesis that increased parity decreases risk; support previous findings of no association with demographic factors other than age, cigarette smoking, or use of oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy; and raise questions regarding previous associations with meat, fat, protein, and physical activity.Cancer Causes and Control 1994, 5, 38–52.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01830725
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difficulty becoming pregnant and family history as interactive risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer: the Iowa Women's Health Study (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; family history ; infertility ; Iowa Women's Health Study ; nulliparity ; prospective studies ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We recently provided data from a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women which suggested that a first livebirth at age 30 or older (cf before age 20) was associated with a twofold increased risk of breast cancer in women without a family history, but a 5.8-fold higher risk in women with a positive family history. To address the question of whether these observations reflect difficulty becoming pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy, we performed additional analyses in which the outcome of each pregnancy was considered. During five years of follow-up, 620 incident cases of breast cancer were identified in the 37,105 women at risk. There was little evidence for an increased risk associated with a history of spontaneous abortion (relative risk [RR]=1.1; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.9–1.4), nor was the risk higher among women who reported two or more spontaneous abortions in consecutive pregnancies (RR=1.0, CI=0.7–1.4). Although women who reported that they had tried unsuccessfully to become pregnant had only slightly and nonsignificantly elevated risks of breast cancer (RR=1.1, CI=0.9–1.3), a more pronounced and statistically significant association was noted in women with a positive family history (RR=2.0, CI=1.4–3.2). There was a strong inverse association between failure to become pregnant and parity (P〈0.0001); nearly 50 percent of the nulliparous married women reported having tried and failed to become pregnant, whereas the frequency was only 6.8 percent among married women with five or more livebirths. Thus, difficulties in becoming pregnant may characterize a subset of women at increased risk of breast cancer, especially in the presence of a family history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051710
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol consumption and postmenopausal endometrial cancer: results from the Iowa Women's Health Study (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Alcohol ; cohort study ; endometrial cancer ; estrogen replacement therapy ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: At least three case-control studies have examined the association between alcohol consumption and endometrial cancer; two studies showed inverse associations, and a third a positive association. To our knowledge, no prospective studies of this association have been reported. The association between alcohol and endometrial cancer was examined in the Iowa Women's Health Study (United States), a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Information on alcohol consumption and other variables was obtained through a mailed questionnaire in January 1986. Through December 1990, 167 incident endometrial cancer cases occurred in the at-risk cohort of 25,170 women. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), parity, age at menopause, and noncontraceptive estrogen use, and to determine multiplicative interactions. The RRs of endometrial cancer associated with 〈4.0 and ≥4.0 g of alcohol per day compared with abstainers were 0.7 (CI=0.5–1.1) and 1.0 (CI=0.7–1.6), respectively. No statistically significant association between endometrial cancer and consumption of either beer, wine, or liquor was observed. There was no interaction between alcohol and any other endometrial cancer risk factors, including BMI or noncontraceptive estrogen use. These data do not support an association between alcohol and endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051334
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary cholesterol, fat, and lung cancer incidence among older women: The Iowa Women's Health Study (United States) (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Cholesterol ; cohort study ; diet ; fat ; lung cancer ; nutrition ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To test the hypothesis that a high intake of dietary cholesterol and fat is associated with elevated risks of lung cancer, we analyzed data from a population-based, prospective, cohort study conducted among 41,837 postmenopausal Iowa (United States) women who completed, in 1986, a comprehensive mailed questionnaire including information on usual intake of 127 food items. All cohort members were followed for cancer incidence through the statewide cancer registry. By 1991, after six years of follow-up, 272 incident lung-cancer cases were identified. After controlling for total energy intake and other confounding factors, dietary cholesterol, total fat, and animal fat were unrelated to lung cancer risk. Intake in the upper three quartiles of plantderived fat, however, was related to a 30 to 40 percent lower incidence of lung cancer, compared with those in the lowest quartile, with more pronoucned reduction in risk observed among smokers (relative risk=0.6, 95 percent confidence interval=0.4–0.9). This prospective cohort study suggests that high intake of fat of plant origin may be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer, while dietary cholesterol and animal fat intake is unrelated to the etiology of this malignancy in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01694752
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