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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes in pregnancy ; insulin secretion ; insulin resistance ; hyperglycaemia ; glucose homeostasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the influence of severe diabetes early in pregnancy on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the offspring. Diabetes (blood glucose 〉20 mmol/l) was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats before mating. Diabetic dams were insulin treated during the second half of pregnancy (mean blood glucose 10.6 mmol/l). The offspring were reared by foster mothers. Offspring of both sexes were insulin resistant at four and seven months of age as evidenced by normal glucose tolerance after glucose (2 g/kg body weight intraperitoneally) concomitant with higher than normal rises in insulin levels. Regardless of fetal environment the male rats had higher glucose and insulin levels than the female rats. Insulin responses to glucose (27 mmol/l) in vitro in perfused pancreases were not increased by maternal diabetes, male gender or higher age. Conversely responses to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (1.0 mmol/l) were enhanced by all three conditions. The pancreatic content of insulin was only marginally affected by maternal diabetes. We conclude that severe diabetes during early pregnancy affects glucose homeostasis in the offspring primarily by diminishing insulin sensitivity and that susceptibility to this effect is not sex- or age-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Mental symphysis ; Secondary cartilage ; Ossification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La présence d'un cartilage secondaire dans la région de la symphyse mentonnière a été étudiée dans ce travail. Une double coloration (avec le bleu alcian et le rouge alizarine S) a été réalisée sur 32 embryons et foetus humains (âgés de 8 à 17 semaines, longueur crâniocaudale- CRL - entre 37 et 124 mm) et sur leurs mandibules désarticulées. Les techniques histologiques et histochimiques ont été appliquées aux coupes sériées transversales de toutes les têtes foetales désarticulées. Le processus d'ossification observé au niveau de la symphyse mentonnière est tout à fait différent de celui du corps de la mandibule dont l'ossification membraneuse est induite par le cartilage de Meckel contigu. Nous n'avons détecté aucun signe de fusion du cartilage de Meckel avec le cartilage symphysaire qui se trouve dans l'espace symphysaire. Sur la base de nos constatations, nous suggérons que le cartilage secondaire mentonnier est capable de se transformer en os selon un processus d'ossification enchondrale. De plus le rôle des facteurs mécaniques dans le développement de la symphyse mentonnière est suggéré.
    Notes: Summary The presence of a secondary cartilage in the mental symphyseal region was examined in this study. A double-staining method -with alcian blue and alizarin red S -was performed on both whole human embryos and fetuses (developmental age between 8 and 17 weeks, crown-rump length, CRL, between 37 and 124 mm) and their disjointed mandibles. Histological and histochemical techniques were applied to transverse serial sections of whole disjointed fetal heads. The ossification process observed in the mental symphysis is quite different from that of the mandibular body, whose membranous ossification is induced by the contiguous Meckel's cartilage. No evidence of any fusion of Meckel's cartilage with the symphyseal cartilage, that lies within the symphyseal space, was detected. On the basis of these findings, we suggested that the mental secondary cartilage is able to change into bone according to an endochondral ossification process. Moreover, the role of mechanical causes in the development of the mental symphysis was hypothesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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