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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4)
  • Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic pulsed-wave radiation in spherical models of dispersive biological substances (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 319-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: pulse-train ; dispersive dielectrics ; Fourier transform ; focusing ; hot-spot ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: In analytical studies, we investigated induced-field patterns and SAR distributions in a lossy, dispersive, homogeneous, dielectric sphere typical of muscle tissue as irradiated by a plane-wave pulse train consisting of a pulse-modulated sinusoidal carrier wave. Calculations were made for carrier frequencies of 1, 3, and 15 GHz, pulse widths of 0.333, 2.0 and 4 ns, and pulse repetition rates of 1.11 × 106, 100 × 106, and 181.18 × 106 pps. The classical Mie solution was modified for a train of incident pulses that was represented by a Fourier series, and the fast-Fourier transform was used to sum the series. Computationally, the technique proved to be feasible and less expensive than we expected. The calculated field patterns show that the sphere's physical dimensions and the internal wavelength of the carrier greatly influence the nature of pulse-train propagation in the sphere. Harmonics having internal wavelengths nearly equal to the radius of the sphere produce most of the absorption; other harmonics produce little absorption. An intense hot spot is observed in spheres with radii that match the carriers' wavelengths.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250120602
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Enthalpies of Formation of DyI2 and DyI3 and estimation of the Dy3+/Dy2+ standard aqueous electrode potentialDedicated to Professor Rudolf Hoppe on his 70th Birthday (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 616 (1992), S. 162-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Dysprosiumdiiodide ; dysprosium triiodide ; enthalpy ; electrode potential ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung der Bildungsenthalpien von DyI2 und DyI3 sowie Abschätzung des Dy3+/Dy2+-Standardelektrodenpotentials in wäßrigem MediumDyI2 and DyI3 wurden nach Literaturmethoden hergestellt. Ihre Lösungsenthalpien wurden bestimmt und die Bildungsenthalpien zu ΔfH°(DyI3, s, 298 K) = -(394 ± 16) kJ · mol-1 und ΔfH°(DyI2, s, 298 K) = -(616 ± 10) kJ· mol-1 berechnet. Entsprechenden Literaturangaben sowie geschätzten Lösungsenthalpien und Standardentropien wurde E°(Dy3+/Dy2+, aq.) zu -(2.6 ± 0.2) V berechnet. Ein Vergleich der Enthalpien für die Reduktion von DyI3 zu DyI2 bzw. DyI zu DyI2 wird vorgenommen.
    Notes: DyI2 and Dy3I were synthesized by literature techniques. Their enthalpies of solution were determined and their enthalpies of formation calculated to be ΔfH°(DyI2, s, 298 K) = -(394 ± 16) kJ· mol-1 and ΔfH°(DyI3, s, 298 K) = -(616 ± 10) kJ· mol-1. With appropriate literature and estimated enthalpies of solution and standard entropies, the E°(Dy3+/Dy2+, aq) was calculated to be -(2.6 ± 0.2) V. A comparison is made of the enthalpies of reduction of DyI3 to DyI2 and of DyCl3 to DyCl2.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926161025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal bisection in rats: The effects of high-peak-power pulsed microwave irradiation (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 14 (1993), S. 459-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: high-peak-power pulsed microwaves ; time perception ; time discrimination ; decision-making ; rats ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of high-peak-power, pulsed microwaves on a time perception and discrimination task were studied in rats. Exposures were performed with the TEMPO exposure system, which produces an 80 nanosecond pulse with peak-power levels in excess of 700 megawatts. The ability to expose animals to such fields within a controlled environment is unique. As determined by calorimetry, a maximal, whole-body-averaged, specificabsorption rate of 0.072 W/kg was produced. Thus exposures were well below a recommended SAR limit of 0.4 W/kg. Power levels of transmitted microwaves were varied over a 50 dB range to obtain ascending and descending dose-response functions for each of the behavioral measures. Measures of time perception, response bias, and total trials did not change with power level. Dose-response effects were observed for discriminability (ability to distinguish between durations), session time, and trial completions (null responses, failures to respond on a trial). Covarying sound and X-ray exposures produced by TEMPO did not reliably correlate with the observed microwave effects. The observation of repeatable dose-response effects on discriminability and null responses indicates that the microwave exposures were affecting cognitive function in the rats, particularly the decision-making process. © 1993 wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250140507
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic pulse propagation in dispersive planar dielectrics (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 10 (1989), S. 35-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: pulse train ; dispersive dielectrics ; fast Fourier transform ; specific absorption rate ; biological effects ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The responses of a plane-wave pulse train irradiating a lossy dispersive dielectric half-space are investigated. The incident pulse train is expressed as a Fourier series with summing done by the inverse fast Fourier transform. The Fourier series technique is adopted to avoid the many difficulties often encountered in finding the inverse Fourier transform when transform analyses are used. Calculations are made for propagation in pure water, and typical waveforms inside the dielectric half-space are presented. Higher harmonics are strongly attenuated, resulting in a single continuous sinusoidal waveform at the frequency of the fundamental depth in the material. The time-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) for pulse-train propagation is shown to be the sum of the time-averaged SARs of the individual harmonic components of the pulse train. For the same average power, calculated SARs reveal that pulse trains generally penetrate deeper than carrier-frequency continuous waves but not deeper than continuous waves at frequencies approaching the fundamental of the pulse train. The effects of rise time on the propagating pulse train in the dielectrics are shown and explained. Since most practical pulsed systems are very limited in bandwidth, no pronounced differences between their response and continuous wave (CW) response would be expected. Typical results for pulse-train propagation in arrays of dispersive planar dielectric slabs are presented. Expressing the pulse train as a Fourier series provides a practical way of interpreting the dispersion characteristics from the spectral point of view.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250100105
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substitutionsreaktionen an Thiocyanatokomplexen. I. Sterische und nucleophile Einflüsse bei der Darstellung der Tetraisothiocyanato-diphosphino-chromate(III) (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 360 (1968), S. 15-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactions between K3[Cr(NCS)6] and sec. and tert. phosphines R2R′P (R, R′ = H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or/and aryl) are investigated. Depending on the rests at the P atom, different types of complexes are formed: (R2R′PH)3[Cr(NCS)6], (R2R′PH)2[Cr(NCS)5 (R2R′P)], and (R2R′PH)[Cr(NCS)4(R2R′P)2], respectively. With [(C6H5)4P]NO3 the corresponding tetraphenylphosphonium salts are prepared.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von K3[Cr(NCS)6] mit verschieden-subst. sek. und tert. Phosphinen R2R′P (R, R′ = H. Alkyl, Cycloalkyl oder/und Aryl) wird untersucht. In Abhängigkeit von den Organoresten am P-Atom entstehen Verbindungen des Typs (R2R′PH)3[Cr(NCS)6], (R2R′PH)2[Cr(NCS)5(R2R′P)] bzw. [(R2R′P)] bzw. (R2R′PH)[Cr(NCS)4(R2R′P)2]. Mit [(C6H5)4P]NO3 sind daraus die entsprechenden Tetraphenylphosphoniumsalze erhältlich.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19683600104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substitutionsreaktionen an Thiocyanatokomplexen. II. Absorptionsspektren der Tetra-isothiocyanato-diphosphino-chromate(III)-Stellung sec. und tert. Phosphine in der spektrochemischen Serie (1968)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 362 (1968), S. 191-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Both the diffuse-reflectance spectra of the complexes [Cr(NCS)4 (R2R′P)2]- - R, R′ = H, alkyl, cycloalkyl. aryl - and the solution spectra in methanol and acetone were recorded. The observed ligand field bands are interpreted by the usual theoretical procedures and a spectrochemical series for these compounds is given. The dependence of Dq on the P-substituents is discussed. From the visible spectrum of [Cr(NCS)4{C2H5(C6H11)2P}2]- the transconfiguration follows.
    Notes: Die sichtbare und UV-Spektren der Tetra-isothiocyanato-diphosphino-chromate(III) [Cr((NCS)4)(R2R′P)2]- - R, R′ = H, Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, Aryl - werden in Lösung (Methanol, Aceton) und Reflexion angegeben, die Banden zugeordnet, aus den beobachteten d--d-Übergängen die Parameter Dq bzw. B der halbempirischen Theorie berechnet sowie eine spektrochemische Serie dieser Verbindungen aufgestellt. Die Abhängigkeit der Ligandenfeldstärke von den Phosphor-Substituenten wird diskutiert. Für [Cr(NCS)4{C2H5(C6H11)2P}2]- folgt aus dem sichtbaren Spektrum die trans-Konfiguration.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19683620309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basizitäts-, IR- und NMR-Untersuchungen an Carboxyalkylphosphinen und deren Derivaten (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 295-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: pK′ values of carbethoxyalkylphosphines, carbamidoalkylphosphines and carboxy-alkylphosphines of the general formula R2P—R′—COR″ (R″ = —OC2H5, —NH2, and —OH, respectively) are determined potentiometrically using water - ethanol or water as the solvent.The basicity of the P atom in these compounds depends on the kind of R (alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group) and R′ (linear or branched alkylene group) and is influenced by the position of the COOC2H5, CONH2 and COOH group, respectively.IR and NMR spectra of the carboxyalkylphosphines indicate no dipolar structure of these P-analogous amino acids.
    Notes: In Fortsetzung einer früheren Arbeit(2) werden durch potentiometrische Titration in Äthanol-Wasser bzw. Wasser die pK′-Werte der Carbäthoxyalkylphosphine R2P—R′—COOC2H5, der Carbamidoalklphosphine R2P—[CH2]n—CONH2 und der Carboxyalkylphosphine R2P—R′—COOH bestimmt.Die Basizität des P-Atoms dieser Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel R2P—R′—COR″ wird durch die Art der Gruppen R und R′ beeinflußt (R = Alkyl-, Cycloalkyl- oder Arylgruppe; R′ = lineare oder verzweigte Alkylengruppe) und hängt von der Stellung der COR″-Gruppe ab.Aus IR- und NMR-Spektren folgt, daß die den Aminosäuren im Formeltyp entsprechenden Carboxyalkylphosphine weder in fester Form noch in THF-Lösung eine dipolare Struktur besitzen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19643300509
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