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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • Maximum likelihood method  (1)
  • lung cancer  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 209-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Maximum likelihood method ; Rates of substitution ; Fossil record ; Primates ; Artiodactyls ; Rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to resolve some points of branching order in the phylogeny of the eutherian mammals, a phylogenetic analysis of 26 nuclear and 6 mitochondrial genes was undertaken using a maximum likelihood method on a constant rate stochastic model of molecular evolution. Seventeen of the nuclear genes gave a primates/artiodactyls grouping highest support whereas three of the mitochondrial genes found a rodents/artiodactyls grouping to be best supported. The primates/rodents grouping was never the best supported. On the assumption that rodents are indeed an outgroup to primates and artiodactyls and that the latter taxa diverged 70 million years ago, an estimation was made, for each gene, of the time of divergence of the rodent lineage. In most cases such estimates were beyond the limits set by present interpretations of the paleontological record as were many estimates of the divergence time of mouse and rat. These results suggest that, although there is locus variation, the divergent position of the rodent lineage may be an artifact of an elevated rate of nucleotide substitution in this order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Cigarettes ; lung cancer ; smoking ; smoking cessation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cigarette-smoking behavior of 840 patients with resected Stage I non-small cell lung cancer was analyzed prospectively for up to four years following diagnosis. Lung cancer patients were heavier smokers at diagnosis than other cancer patients and the general population. At one year, only 16.8 percent of the 317 current smokers at baseline, who were followed for two years or longer, continued to smoke, while 83.2 percent of patients either quit permanently (53.0 percent) or for some time period (30.2 percent). By two years, permanent cessation stabilized at over 40 percent; however, the prevalence of continuing smoking decreased through all periods of follow-up. Subjects who tried to quit or did quit permanently were more likely to be female and healthier than continuous smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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