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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • Organic Chemistry  (2)
  • Nicotine  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine abstinence produces content-specific stroop interference (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Abstinence ; Intrusive thoughts ; Nicotine ; Priming ; Semantic activation ; Stroop interference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult, male smokers were randomly assigned to be nicotine abstinent for 12 h (n=10) or to smoke normally for the same period of time (n=10). Performance on a modified version of the Stroop (1935) color-naming task, where subjects named the color of ink in which each of a series of words was written, showed that abstinent smokers took significantly longer to color-name words related to cigarette smoking (e.g., Lighter) than to color-name neutral control words (e.g., Pennant). Non-abstinent smokers showed a significant difference in the opposite direction. These results suggest that nicotine abstinence decreases the ability to ignore the meaning of smoking-related information. This finding supports the hypothesis that abstinence produces a content-specific shift in attentional focus. The present pattern of results cannot be explained by a general decrease in cognitive function due to nicotine abstinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251289
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rac-Flurbiprofen is more ulcerogenic than its (S)-enantiomer (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 492-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: GI-side effects ; NSAID ; ulcerogenicity ; rac-flurbiprofen enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The most common, and sometimes life-threatening, side-effects associated with the human use of the analgesic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are gastrointestinal. These include gastritis, ulceration, and severe bleeding. The aryl propionic acid class of NSAIDs are among the most widely used of these drugs in the world, including rac-ibuprofen, rac-flurbiprofen, and rac-ketoprofen. Marketed as racemates, it was assumed that the “inactive” (R)-enantiomers, having no cyclooxygenase inhibiting effect, also had no toxic effect. In a 30-day dose response study of (S)-, (R)-, and rac-flurbiprofen given daily over a range of doses the (R)-isomer alone proved to be without apparent gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. On the other hand the racemate proved to be 2 to 4 times as ulcerogenic in enantiomerically equivalent doses as the (S)-enantiomer. These results have significant clinical implications. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral pharmacokinetics of rac-flurbiprofen and pharmacodynamics of anabolic bone response in the normal rat (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 6 (1994), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral pharmacokinetics ; rac-flurbiprofen ; rat ; bone pharmacodynamics ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The route of administration of the NSAID, flurbiprofen (sq vs. po) resulted in positive and negative results respectively with regard to enhanced cancellous and cortical bone accumulation in the immature rat. This pharmacokinetic study was an effort to understand the pharmacodynamic difference between the two routes of administration observed when the same dose range of drug, given as single daily doses, had been employed in both studies. Conventional chiral pharmacokinetics were evaluated in young rats. A significant difference was observed in the Tmax of the active (S)-enantiomer by both administration routes (sq 4 h and po 1 h). The bioavailability, as evaluated by AUCs favored the sq route as expected. The plasma concentrations over 18 h, at steady state, for one po dose group (0.5 mg/kg/day) fell well within the therapeutic window described by the 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg sq doses which had demonstrated anabolic bone activity. Oral dosing had exhibited no significant bone activity. We conclude that the pharmacodynamic difference between routes of administration cannot be simply explained on a pahrmacokinetic basis. Consequently, experiments detailing the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple dose administration of aryl-propionic acids in normal and osteopenic states need further pharmacologic study. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530060602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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