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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyamic acid di-tert-butyl esters by direct polycondensation of di-tert-butyl esters of tetracarboxylic acids with diamines using diphenyl (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl)phosphonate (1993)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1993), S. 511-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The direct polycondensation using the activating agent diphenyl (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl)phosphonate (1) was successfully applied to the synthesis of polyamic acid tert-butyl esters, which readily undergo AAL 1 type acid-catalyzed deesterification. Polycondensations of di-tert-butyl esters of tetracarboxylic acids with diamines were conducted in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature, producing poly(amide-ester)s with inherent viscosities up to 1,1 dL · g-1. The effects of various factors, such as solvent, amount of solvent, and amount of the activating agent, were studied. The poly(amide-ester)s are readily soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and can be cast into uniform films from their solutions. Thermogravimetry of the polymers showed that the deesterification and imidization occur around 150-200°C, giving polyimides.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1993.021940214
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of N-phenyl-α-methylene-β-lactam (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2597-2607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-phenyl-α-methylene-β-lactam (PML), a cyclic analog of N,N-disubstituted methacrylamides which do not undergo radical homopolymerization, was synthesized and polymerized with α,α′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in solution. Poly (PML) (PPML) is readily soluble in tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, pyridine, and polar aprotic solvents but insoluble in toluene, ethyl acetate, and methanol. PPML obtained by radical initiation is highly syndiotactic (rr = 92%), exhibits a glass transition at 180°C, and loses no weight upto 330°C in nitrogen. The kinetics of PML homo-polymerization with AIBN was investigated in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The rate of polymerization (Rp) can be expressed by Rp = k[AIBN]0.55[PML]1.2 and the overall activation energy has been calculated to be 87.3 kJ/mol. Monomer reactivity ratios in copolymerization of PML (M2) with styrene (M1) are r1 = 0.67 and r2 = 0.41, from which Q and e values of PML are calculated as 0.60 and 0.33, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of 3-methylene-5,5′-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone: A cyclic analog of N-substituted methacrylamide (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 949-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radical polymerization ; 3-methylene-5,5′-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone ; exomethylene cyclic monomers ; kinetics ; monomer reactivity ratios ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Methylene-5,5′-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidinone (α-MDMP), a cyclic analog of N-substituted methacrylamide, was synthesized and polymerized with α,α′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in solution. Poly(α-MDMP) is only soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature. Thermogravimetry of poly(α-MDMP) showed 10% weight loss at 355°C in air and 400°C under nitrogen, respectively. The kinetics of α-MDMP homopolymerization with AIBN was investigated in DMSO. The rate of polymerization (Rp) can be expressed by Rp = k[AIBN]0.49[α-MDMP]1.0 and the overall activation energy has been calculated to be 73.2 kJ/mol. Monomer reactivity ratios in copolymerization of α-MDMP (M2) with methyl methacrylate (M1) are r1 = 0.71 and r2 = 0.71, from which Q and e values of α-MDMP are calculated as 0.75 and -0.43, respectively. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310413
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical polymerization of 4-methylene-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-ones: Cyclic α-substituted styrenes (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1895-1902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 4-methylene-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-one ; exo-methylene cyclic monomers ; radical polymerization ; kinetics ; monomer reactivity ratios ; chemical amplification ; decarboxylation ; poly[(o-hydroxyphenyl)acetylene] ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Methylene-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-2-one (MBDOON), an α-substituted cyclic styrene derivative, was synthesized and polymerized readily with 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator in solution. The kinetics of the MBDOON homopolymerization with AIBN was investigated in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The rate of polymerization, Rp, can be expressed by Rp - k[AIBN]0.52[MBDOON]1.1 and the overall activation energy has been calcualted to be 75.7 kJ/mol. Monomer reactivity ratios in copolymerization of MBDOON (M2) with styrene (M1) are r1 = 0.31 and r2 = 3.20, from which Q and e values of MBDOON can be calculated as 3.0 and -0.7, respectively. Ring-substituted MBDOON monomers such as 6-chloro, 6-methyl, and 7-methoxy derivatives were synthesized and polymerized with AIBN. The 6-substituted MBDOON's readily underwent radical polymerization while the 7-methoxy-MBDOON was slower to polymerize. Poly(MBDOON) is predominantly heterotactic. (rr = 35, mr = 46, and mm = 19%). The polymer releases carbon dioxide at about 200°C and is converted with some depolymerization to poly[(o-hydroxyphenyl)acetylene]. The thermolysis temperature is very much affected by the ring substituent. The onset of carbon dioxide liberation was observed at 140°C in the case of the 7-methoxyl derivative while the 6-substituents had a smaller effect on the decarboxylation temperature. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310728
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of poly[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) benzoic acid] (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1415-1421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: 4-(4-acetoxyphenoxy) benzoic acid ; polycondensation ; thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer ; phase transition ; schlieren texture ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) benzoic acid] was prepared by the bulk polycondensation of 4-(4-acetoxyphenoxy) benzoic acid. Polycondensation was conducted at 350°C for 3 h under a reduced pressure of 0.1 mmHg and gave a polymer with X̄n of 255. The polymer was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray measurement. The crystal/nematic and nematic/isotropic phase transition temperatures of polymer, which depend on the molecular weight, were observed at about 300°C and 410°C, respectively. The polymers with low molecular weights showed nematic textures above 300°C. This nematic/isotropic phase transition temperature is lower than that of poly (4-hydroxybenzoic acid). This thermal behavior of polymer comes from ether units, which increase the flexibility (the rotation or torsion of skeletal bonds) of the polymer chain. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyamides by nickel-catalyzed coupling polymerization of aryl dichloride containing amide structural units (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1567-1573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: nickel ; coupling polymerization ; aromatic dichloride ; polyamide ; poly[(2,5-dimethyl-1,4-piperazinediyl) (4,4′-biphenyldicarbonyl)] ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four aryl dichlorides containing secondary amide structural units as monomers were synthesized from substituted piperazines and chlorobenzoyl chlorides. Polyamides were prepared by the nickel-catalyzed coupling polymerization of these monomers. Polymerizations were carried out in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) in the presence of nickel chloride, zinc, triphenylphosphine, and bipyridine, and resulted in polyamides with inherent viscosities up to 0.38 dL/g under mild conditions. The structure of polymer was determined by IR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. The polyamide, poly[4,4′-biphenyldicarbonyl (2,5-dimethylpiperazine)] 6d, was readily soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and chloroform. Thermogravimetry of polyamides, poly[(4,4′-biphenyldicarbonyl piperazine)]s 6, showed 10% weight loss at around 425 and 450°C in air and under nitrogen, respectively. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of aromatic poly(thioether ketone) (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1993-1998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(thioether keton) ; direct polycondensation ; dicarboxylic acid ; aryl compound ; phosphorus pentoxide/methanesulfonic acid ; condensing agent ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aromatic poly(thioether ketone)s were prepared by the direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with aryl compounds containing ether or sulfide structures using phosphorus pentoxide/methanesulfonic acid (PPMA) as a condensing agent and solvent. Polycondensation proceeded smoothly and produced aromatic poly(thioether ketone)s with inherent viscosities up to 0.73 dL/g. The synthesis of substituted aryl ketones by the reaction of substituted benzoic acids with aryl compounds in PMMA was studied in detail to demonstrate the feasibility of the reaction for polymer formation. The thermogravimetry of the aromatic poly(thioether ketone)s showed a 10% weight loss in air and nitrogen at around 450 and 460°C, respectively. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300923
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 853-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(ether sulfone) ; sodium sulfonate group ; aromatic nucleophilic substitution ; thermal degradation ; glass transition ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(ether sulfone)s containing pendant sodium sulfonate groups were prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone (1) and sodium 5,5′-sulfonylbis (2-chlorobenzenesulfonate) (2) with bisphenols (3) in the presence of potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylacetamide. A new monomer 2 containing the sodium sulfonate groups was synthesized by the sulfonation of 1 with fuming sulfuric acid. The polycondensation proceeded smoothly at 170°C and produced the desired poly(ether sulfone)s containing the sodium sulfonate with inherent viscosities up to 1.2 dL/g. The polymers were quite soluble in strong acid, dipolar aprotic solvents, m-cresol, and dichloromethane. The thermogravimetry of the polymers showed excellent thermal stability, indicating that 10% weight losses of the polymers were observed in the range above 460°C in nitrogen atmosphere. Both the glass transition temperatures and hydrophilicity of the polymers increased with increasing their concentrations of sodium sulfonate groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of α-methyleneindane: A cyclic analog of α-methylstyrene (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 1779-1787 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: α-methyleneindane ; tacticities ; monomer reactivity ratios ; exo-methylene cyclic monomers ; depropagation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Methyleniedane (MI), a cyclic analog of α-methylstyrene which does not undergo radical homopolymerization under standard conditions, was synthesized and subjected to radical, cationic, and anionic polymerizations. MI undergoes radical polymerization with α,α′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) in contrast to α-methylstyrene, owing to its reduced steric hindrance, though the polymerization is slow even in bulk. Cationic and anionic polymerization of MI with BF3OEt2 and n-butyllithium, respectively, proceed rapidly. The thermal degradation behavior of the polymer depends on the polymerization conditions. The anionic and radical polymers are heteortactic-rich. Reactivity ratios in bulk radical copolymerization on MI (M2) with methacrylate (MMA, M1) were determined at 60°C (r1 = 0.129 and r2 = 1.07). In order to clarify the copolymerization mechanism, radical copolymerization of MI with MMA was investigated in bulk at temperatures ranging from 50 to 80°C. The Mayo-Lewis equation has been found to be inadequate to describe the result due to depolymerization of MI sequences above 70°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080291210
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of poly(ether-ketone-amide)s by palladium-catalyzed polycondensation of aromatic dibromides containing ether ketone structure, aromatic diamines, and carbon monoxide (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2065-2071 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(ether-ketone-amide) ; palladium-catalyzed polycondensation ; aromatic dibromide ; carbon monoxide ; thermal behavior ; tensile properties ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aromatic poly(ether-ketone-amide)s were prepared by the palladium-catalyzed polycondensation of aromatic dibromides containing ether ketone units, aromatic diamines, and carbon monoxide. Polymerizations were carried out in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in the presence of palladium catalyst, triphenylphosphine, and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0]-7-undecene (DBU), and resulted in poly(ether-ketone-amide)s with inherent viscosities up to 0.82 dL/g under mild conditions. The polymers were quite soluble in strong acid, dipolar aprotic solvents, and pyridine. Thermogravimetry of the polymers showed excellent thermal stability, indicating that 10% weight losses of the polymers were observed in the range above 400°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers were about 200°C, which are higher than those of poly(ether-ketone) analogues. These polymers also showed good tensile strength and tensile modulus. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321108
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