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Synthesis and polymerization of 2-alkylanilines (1993)

Bodalia, R. ; Stern, R. ; Batich, C. ; [et al.]

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2123-2127

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Keywords: o-alklyaniline ; poly(o-alklyaniline) ; conducting polymer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: 2-Alkylanilines with alkyl groups in the range of 4-15 carbon atoms were synthesized via a known method as well as via a more general path which should allow the introduction of a larger variety of substituted alkyl groups into the ortho position of aniline, e.g., alkenyl or OH, NH2, COOH, and phenyl functionality. Polymerization was found to be achievable according to a method previously described for unsubstituted aniline, i.e., chemically with Cu(ClO4)2 · 6H2O in acetonitrile. Intrinsic viscosities of the obtained poly(2-alkylaniline)s lay between 0.10 and 0.26 dL/g (97% H2SO4 at 30°C). The dc conductivity of the HCl salts decreased with increasing length of the alkyl side chains from 1 S/cm (polyaniline) over 3 X 10-4 S/cm [poly(2-butylaniline)] to 1 X 10-6 S/cm poly(tridecylaniline). Further characterization of the polymers were performed by means of UV/VIS/NIR-and-IR spectroscopy, in dilute solutions or as KBr pellets, respectively, and by solubility tests. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310818

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Gastric dysrhythmias and nausea of pregnancy (1990)

Koch, K. L. ; Stern, R. M. ; Vasey, M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Digestive diseases and sciences 35 (1990), S. 961-968

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ISSN: 1573-2568

Keywords: electrogastrography ; pregnancy ; vomiting ; spectral analysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Gastric dysrhythmias have been recorded from patients with a variety of nausea syndromes. The aim of this study was to measure gastric myoelectric activity in women with and without nausea during the first trimester of pregnancy. In 32 pregnant women gastric myoelectric activity was recorded for 30–45 min with cutaneous electrodes that yielded electrogastrograms (EGGs). Frequencies of the EGG waves were analyzed visually and by computer. Subjects rated their nausea at the time of EGG recording on a visual analog scale with 0 representing no nausea and 300 mm severe nausea. Gastric dysrhythmias were found in 26 pregnant subjects: Seventeen had tachygastrias (EGG frequencies of 4–9 cpm),five had 1- to 2-cpm EGG waves, and four had flat-line patterns. Mean nausea scores of the subjects with tachygastrias, 1- to 2-cpm, and flat-line patterns were 64.8±13, 93.4±23, and 77.2±36, respectively. Six pregnant subjects had normal 3-cpm EGG patterns, and their nausea scores averaged 2.8±1.1 (P〈0.05 compared with nausea scores in subjects with tachygastrias, 1- to 2-cpm, and flat-line rhythms). Six subjects with gastric dysrhythmias during pregnancy were restudied after delivery; each of these subjects had normal 3-cpm EGG patterns and none had nausea. Thus, gastric dysrhythmias are objective pathophysiologic events associated with symptoms of nausea reported during the first trimester of pregnancy.