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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of hydrogen in excimer-laser-induced damage of fused silica (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2809-2815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to probe defect reactions in fused silica during 193 nm ultraviolet irradiation and thermal treatment. Hydrogen concentration and Carr–Purcell measurements indicate that the majority of hydrogen atoms are isolated and do not segregate or evolve from the fused silica during annealing or irradiation. Previously, NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements have revealed that a small fraction of hydrogen in fused silica exists as centers that undergo molecular motion and are consumed during annealing. Here, a detailed analysis of the NMR spin-lattice relaxation behavior is used to support the identification of this center as a pair of adjacent silanol groups. These silanol pairs react during annealing to form a strained bond, thus increasing the susceptibility of fused silica to E' formation. Excimer laser irradiation, like thermal treatment, is shown to directly reduce the number of relaxation centers in the material. The measured dependence of spin-lattice relaxation as a function of irradiation for identically prepared samples is consistent with silanol pair center consumption by a two-photon process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353057
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature laser deposition of tungsten by silane- and disilane-assisted reactions (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1072-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A reaction, based on tungsten hexafluoride chemically reduced by silicon hydride vapors, has been developed for low-temperature laser deposition of high-purity tungsten. Compared to previous tungsten deposition methods, the new (pyrolytic) process requires very little thermal energy for initiation and propagation of the scanned reaction. WF6 and SiH4 (or Si2H6) mixtures have been optimized to yield tungsten interconnect lines with abrupt square cross section and conductivities of 12–25 μΩ cm. Impurity levels are below the detection limits of Auger spectroscopy. Lines 3–20 μm in width and 0.1–4 μm in thickness are written at scan speeds of ∼100 μm/s. Argon-ion laser powers (488 nm) are typically 30–60 mW, corresponding to reaction temperatures sufficiently low for direct writing on polyimide dielectrics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102569
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer-laser-induced sub-0.5-μm patterning of WO3 thin films (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1790-1792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous WO3 thin films have been deposited in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, and were patterned with a 193-nm excimer laser (one pulse, 10–25 mJ/cm2). Negative-tone, sub-0.5-μm lines and spaces were obtained following dry development in a low-power CF4 plasma. The mechanism for laser-induced etch selectivity was studied with angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was inferred from the fluorine photoelectron spectra that the laser induces atomic rearrangements that impede the etch process initiated by fluorine-containing radicals. A possible interpretation is that the rearrangements, which may be partially thermally activated, reduce the volume of the microvoids present in WO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106202
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of hydrogenated defects in fused silica caused by thermal treatment and deep ultraviolet irradiation (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 1667-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to study hydrogen in fused silica for the first time. The 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time constant (T1) in synthetic fused silica was found to be strongly affected by thermal treatments, correlating with the concentration of E' centers produced during subsequent 193-nm excimer-laser irradiation. In addition, the relative proportion of the two components in the NMR spectrum were affected by thermal treatment, although no change in the total hydrogen content was observed. The broad NMR component, because of its linewidth and dependence upon thermal processing, is postulated to be a direct signature of the NMR relaxation centers. These results are interpreted within the framework of a model in which pairs of silanol groups are consumed during thermal treatment, forming a strained bond which is susceptible to E' center formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107231
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An interesting case of arterial trauma after craniocerebral injury (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 104 (1990), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Forensic neuropathology ; Craniocerebral injury ; Cortical artery lesion ; Biomechanism ; Forensische Neuropathologie ; Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Corticale Arterienverletzung ; Biomechanismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein 63jähriger Alkoholiker stürzt in betrunkenem Zustand im Treppenhaus. Auf der Rettungsteile ist der Mann schläfrig aber bei Bewußtsein; es werden neben der Alkoholisierung keine gravierenden Verletzungen festgestellt, Röntgenaufnahmen des Schädels verwackeln. Übernachtung in Polizeigewahrsam (GeSa), am nächsten Morgen zu Fuß nach Hause, dort über 2 Tage Eintrübung, Nausea, Erbrechen. $$2{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ Tage nach dem Sturz von Ehefrau leblos im Bett aufgefunden. Obduktion: Oberfl. Schürfung Kopfhaut re. parietal, darunter Blutungen in der Galea und re. M. temp.; ausgedehntes Bruchsystem re. Parietalregion. Ein Ast der re. A. cerebri media war durch einen Riß der Dura ziehend zwischen Cortex und einer der Frakturlinien aufgespannt. Intracranielle Blutungen konnten ebenso wie Verletzungen der Arterie selbst nicht beobachtet werden. Der Fall ist erneut ein Indiz für die großen Relativbewegungen zwischen Gehirn und Schädel bei derartigen Traumen.
    Notes: Summary A 63-year-old drunken man fell and hit his head on the ground. Apart from symptoms of alcoholisation no signs of severe injuries were found. The man died $$2{\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ days after the accident. The autopsy revealed a huge fracture system in the right parietal region. A branch of the medial cerebral artery was stretched between the cortex and one of the fracture lines, passing through a tear in the dura. Characteristics of this case were that no larger hemorrhage was found and the artery which was torn from the cortex showed no lesions. The case also indicates the immense relative movements between skull and brain which occur during such trauma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01816485
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual findings in a case of suicide with a gas weapon (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 106 (1994), S. 274-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Gas weapons ; Starter pistols ; Air embolism ; Gaswaffen ; Schreckschußwaffen ; Luftembolie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Suizid mit einer Gaspistole berichtet, die mit 8-mm-Platzpatronen geladen war. Der 58-jährige Mann hatte sich zunächst in die Schläfe und anschließend in den Nacken geschossen. Hierbei waren tiefreichende, beschmauchte Wundhöhlen entstanden. Die Weichteile waren alleine durch die explodierenden Gase geschädigt worden. Todesursache war eine Luft/Gasembolie.
    Notes: Summary Case report on a suicide with a gas pistol loaded with 8 mm blank cartridges. A 58-year-old male shot himself in the right temple and then in the back of the neck. The contact shot wounds showed large wound cavities with interspersed powder particles. The soft tissues were injured solely by the pressure of the exploding powder. Death was due to an air/gas embolism in the right ventricle of the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225420
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