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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Public Sector Employment in Developing Countries: An Overview of Past and Present Trends (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of public sector management 7 (1994), S. 50-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-3558
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The debate on the public sector has been central in structuraladjustment programmes applied in developing countries during recentyears. The common grounds of the discussion have been the size of thepublic sector, its role and its efficiency in delivering services. Thecommon criticisms of the 1980s are that the public sector is too big,overstaffed and inefficient. Examines these issues under a long-termperspective. Finds that at the aggregated level there is no clear-cutevidence to support those criticisms of the size of the public sector indeveloping countries. Compared with industrialized countries, there isno particular evidence of the public sector being too big in thedeveloping world. However, it appears that the sequence of theadjustment process has negatively affected the performance of importantparts of the public sector by distorting the proportion of wage andnon-wage expenditures, disregarding their complementarity. Theconsequent imbalance between inputs and employment has resulted inpractical overstaffing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513559410055233
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of 1,3-dihaloadamantanes with diphenylphosphide ions by the SRN1 mechanism. Competition between intermolecular and intramolecular electron transfer reactions (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 7 (1994), S. 610-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reactivity of 1,3-dihaloadamantanes with diphenylphosphide ions (Ph2P-) in liquid ammonia was studied. 1,3-Dichloroadamantane (1a), 1-bromo-3-chloroadamantane (1b) and 1,3-dibromoadamantane (1c) reacted with Ph2P- ions under photostimulation by the SRN1 mechanism. Irradiation of 1c without Ph2P- ions gave no reaction (〈5%). Three products were found: 1,3-bis(diphenyphosphinyl)adamantane (2), (3-X-1-adamantyl)diphenylphosphine (X = Cl, 3a; X = Br, 3b) and 1-adamantyldiphenylphosphine (4). Compounds 2 and 4 were formed by intramolecular electron transfer (ET) of the radical anion 3a-· (3b-·); whereas 3a (3b) were formed by intermolecular ET of this radical anion to the substrates. It was observed that the product distribution depends on the substrate and reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poc.610071104
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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