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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies of Phloem Loading (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 44 (1993), S. 253-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.44.060193.001345
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecophysiology of phloem loading in source leaves (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nature of phloem loading of photosynthesis products – either symplastic or apoplastic – has been a matter of debate over the last two decades. This controversy was reconciled by proposing a multiprogrammed loading mechanism. Different modes of phloem loading were distinguished on the basis of the variety of plasmodesmatal connectivity between the minor vein elements. Physiological evidence for at least two phloem loading mechanisms as well as recent support for coincidence between plasmodesmatal connectivity and the loading mechanism is shortly reviewed. The present paper attempts to correlate the plasmodesmatal connectivity between sieve element/companion cell complex and the adjacent cells (the minor vein configuration) – and implicitly the associate phloem loading mechanisms – with different types of climate. The minor vein configuration is a family characteristic. This enables one to relate vein configuration with ecosystem using the family distribution over the globe. The uneven distribution of vein types between terrestrial ecosystems indicates that apoplastic phloem loading predominates in cold and dry climate zones. Projection of the minor vein configuration on the Takhtajan system of flowering plants suggests evolution from apoplastic to symplastic phloem loading. Accordingly, the distribution of minor vein configurations suggests that drought and temperature stress have led to the transformation of the ancient symplastic mode into the more advanced apoplastic mode of loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb00973.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping membrane potential differences and dye-coupling in internodal tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 182 (1990), S. 9-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Dye-coupling ; Lycopersicum (membrane potential, dye transport) ; Membrane potential difference ; Transport, symplastic ; Xylem, secondary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Symplastic continuity in internodal tissues of tomato was investigated by electrophysiological and micro-injection techniques. Recordings of potential differences (pd) were combined with iontophoretic injection of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) and Lucifer Yellow CH (LYCH). Mapping of pds and dye-coupling respectively labeled the potential sites of major solute uptake and the spatial differentiation in symplast permeability. The cells of the central pith had low negative pds (−23 mV) and limited dye-coupling. In the pith periphery, pds (−43 mV) and dye-coupling were more pronounced. The pith was symplastically isolated from the secondary xylem. Axial contact cells (pd −54 to −109 mV) showed a strong dye-coupling within the vessel-enclosing sheath. No dye transfer was observed from the vessel sheaths to other cells. Fibre-tracheids and libriform wood fibres were dye-coupled. Ray cells (pd −39 to −94 mV) transported dye to adjacent fibres (pd −18 to −41 mV). The reverse was not observed. Except for a few cases of limited radial cell-cell transport, no dye movement through rays was observed. Cambium cells were connected mainly axially (ray cell initials) or both axially and tangentially (fusiform initials). Radial dye-coupling of cambium cells was rare. The limitations of the present approach and the significance of the differential symplast permeability for xylem-to-phloem transfer are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239977
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of symplastic continuity as visualised by plasmodesmograms: diagnostic value for phloem-loading pathways (1992)
    Springer
    Planta 187 (1992), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C3, C4 plants ; Phloem loading (apoplastic, symplastic) ; Plasmodesmatal frequencies ; Plasmodesmogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of plasmodesmatal frequency to correlate cell-cell symplastic transport capacity remains a contentious problem, as variation in cell shape, accurate determination of interface contact area between cell types, distribution (i.e. whether random or aggregated) and shape (i.e. whether single or branched), and state of permeability may confuse the issue. Additionally, variation in the methods used to determine the frequencies compounds the problem further. Data presented in this paper show that plasmodesmograms offer a means to visualise the potential transport pathway from mesophyll cells to sieve tubes. Furthermore, the results allow an instant appreciation of symplastic continuity or discontinuity and, accordingly, the potential symplastic and-or apoplastic stages involved in the overall loading process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195659
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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