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  • 1990-1994  (6)
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Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The skin microflora and the formation of human axillary odour (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 12 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the relationship between human axillary skin microflora and underarm odour (UAO), in particular, the ability of cutaneous bacteria to transform steroids. A study was made of bacterial population density and odour intensity of the axillae of 34 normal male subjects. There was a statistically significant association between population density of aerobic coryneform bacteria and UAO intensity. No associations could be found between population densities of staphylococci, micrococci or propionibacteria and UAO intensity. An in vitro model for formation of UAO was developed, and used to test individual bacterial isolates. Only aerobic coryneforms could produce axillary odour in vitro, most notably C. xerosis. Many aerobic coryneforms could transform testosterone, the principal metabolites being 5α- and 5β-DHT, androstenedione, and 5α- and 5β-androstanedione. UAO positive coryneforms were more metabolically active than UAO negative bacteria. Micrococci also transformed testosterone to androstenedione, whilst staphylococci and propionibacteria could not metabolize it. A hypothesis for the role of aerobic coryneforms in the formation of human axillary odour is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1990.tb00535.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of zinc and erythromycin on the growth of erythromycin-resistant and erythromycin-sensitive isolates of Propionibacterium acnes: an in-vitro study (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 126 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of zinc and erythromycin on cultures inoculated with mixtures of different ratios of erythromycin sensitive (ES) and resistant (ER) Propionibacterium acnes cells was studied in vitro. Propionibacterium acnes ES outgrew P. acnes ER in the absence of erythromycin and zinc. At low levels of erythromycin ES outgrew ES. whilst the addition of 600 pg/ml zinc further reduced the growth of ER compared to ES Growth of ER and ES were similar at levels of erythromycin near the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ES cells. Concentrations above the MIC for Es cells inhibited ES but not ER cells. At the higher concentrations of erythromycin, the addition of 96 ng/ml zinc delayed the growth of ER cells, whilst the addition of 300 μg/ml zinc prevented the growth of ER cells. The combination of erythromycin and zinc, at appropriate concentrations, inhibits both ES and ER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb15124.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bacterial products on human fibroblast and keratinocyte detachment and viability (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 122 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An in vitro model has been developed to study the effect of soluble bacterial products on the viability and detachment of skin cell types utilized for cultured grafts. Microbial products prepared from clinical isolates of bacterial species which most commonly colonize burn lesions showed marked variation in their ability to detach and kill both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. All three isolates of Acinetobacter spp. tested were effective in causing detachment and death of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, whereas Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter spp. tested had little, or no, effect on detachment or viability for either skin cell type. Four Staphylococcus aureus isolates elicited variable strain-dependent results with regard to detachment and viability. One isolate possessed activity specific for keratinocyte detachment and death. These results indicate the possible undesirable effects such bacterial species may have on graft success in colonized burn wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08235.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Follicular concentrations of azelaic acid after a single topical application (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 129 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Follicular concentrations of azelaic acid (AzA) were determined in vivo using a rapid, non-invasive method, after a single topical application of 20% (w/w) AzA cream, in order to establish whether the in vitro antimicrobial effects observed in previous studies are relevant in vivo. Preweighed amounts of 20% (w/w) AzA cream were applied over demarcated areas on the forehead and back of nine young adults, and samples were taken over a period of 5 h. AzA was removed from the skin surface by washing with acetone, and follicular casts were collected using cyanacrylate gel. The samples were centrifuged to remove particulate matter, and the supernatants derivatized for analysis by HPLC. Although the results showed wide-ranging variability, the follicular concentration increased as the amount present on the surface declined. The maximum follicular concentrations of AzA attained ranged from 7.5 to 52.5 ng (μg of follicular casts)−1 and 0–5 to 23–4 ng (μg of follicular casts)−1 in samples taken from the back and forehead, respectively. Assuming an average density of follicular material of 0.9 g ml−1, the mean maximum follicular concentration attained on the back was between 36 and 251 mmol/l, and on the forehead was between 2 and 112 mmol/l, and indicates that the concentration of AzA attained in follicular casts after a single topical application is comparable with the concentration required to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03165.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients by topical erythromycin with and without zinc (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 130 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Propionibacteria resistant to high concentrations of erythromycin [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)≥0·5 mg/ml) are now commonly isolated from the skin of antibiotic-treated acne patients. This double-blind study was carried out to assess the ability of 4% w·v erythromycin with and without 1–2% w/v nine acetate to reduce the numbers of erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria in vivo, and also to monitor the acquisition of resistant strains de novo during therapy. Under laboratory conditions, erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria were shown to be as sensitive to zinc acetate as fully sensitive strains. In vivo, the erythromycin/zinc complex and erythromycin alone produced highly significant reductions in total propionibacteria (P〈0·01) and in the number of erythromycin-resistant strains (P〈0·01 at 8 weeks). After 12 weeks, resistant propionibacteria were re-acquired, or acquired de novo. by three patients treated with erythromycin alone and four patients treated with the erythromycin/zinc complex. In contrast, changes in numbers of Micrococcaceae were slight and. after 12 weeks, erythromycin-resistant strains were predominant in both treatment groups. In vitro MIC determinations suggested that this finding might be explained by the exceptionally high degree of erythromycin resistance displayed by some staphylococcal strains (MIC〉4 mg/ml) and by the relative insensitivity of all staphylococcal strains to zinc acetate. Krythromycin with and without zinc was clinically effective, and both preparations produced significant reductions in acne grade, and inflamed and non-inflamed lesion counts (F〈0·001). In particular, 11 of 12 patients who harboured 〉103 c.f.u. erythromycin-resistant propionibacteria/cm2 skin pretreatment (seven on the erythromycin/zinc complex and five on erythromycin alone) showed clinical improvement, with a〉50% reduction in acne grade and/or lesion count. These results show that topical 4% w/v erythromycin with and without zinc eradicates erythromycin-resistant propionibac-teria in vivo, and is thus therapeutlcally effective in patients who harbour such strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02929.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superior antibacterial action and reduced incidence of bacterial resistance in minocycline compared to tetracycline-treated acne patients (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 122 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-five previously untreated acne patients were monitored throughout a 6-month course of therapy with either tetracycline or minocycline for changes in the numbers of staphylococci, propionibacteria and yeasts of the genus Malessezia on the skin surface. Antibiotic resistant staphylococci and propionibacteria were also counted. Minocycline (50 mg b.d.) produced a 10-fold greater reduction in propionibacterial numbers compared to tetracycline (500 mg b.d.) after 12 (P 〈 0.02, t-test) and 24 weeks (P 〈 0.05) of therapy. As treatment progressed, propionibacteria were replaced by yeasts, numbers of which were significantly increased by week 12 (P 〈 0.02) in tetracycline-treated patients and by week 24 (P 〈 0.01) in minocycline-treated patients. This suggests that yeasts have no role in the pathogenesis of acne but may compete with propionibacteria for the same niche. Overgrowth of antibiotic resistant staphylococci prevented any decrease in staphylococcal numbers in tetracycline-treated patients, but minocycline produced a significant and sustained reduction in staphylococcal numbers after 1 week of therapy (P 〈 0.001). An increase in the number of multiply resistant (〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00070963:BJD233:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 3 resistances) staphylococci occurred in 67% of tetracycline-treated and 33% of minocycline-treated patients by the end of the treatment period. There was no evidence of propionibacterial resistance in either treatment group. This study shows that minocycline has much greater antibacterial activity in vivo against both staphylococci and propionibacteria and produces less staphylococcal antibiotic resistance than tetracycline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08270.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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