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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanosecond time-resolved study of pulsed laser ablation in the monolayer regime (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 352-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pulsed laser ablation of few angstroms or organic material is investigated on a nanosecond time scale for the first time. The use of optically excited surface plasmons as a probe provides high sensitivity with respect to the thickness of ablated material. The results show that for the films used in our investigation (isopropanol, acetone, and tetrafluoromethane), ablative photodecomposition is not relevant for the ablation process, although there is evidence for chemical transformations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104631
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large anisotropy in optical properties of thin polyimide films of poly( p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1043-1045 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films ranging from 400 nm to 4 μm thickness of poly( p-phenylene biphenyltetracarboximide) (BPDA-PDA), prepared by thermal imidization of the precursor poly(amic acid) on substrates, have been investigated by the optical waveguide spectroscopy. These polyimide films, most prominent for potential applications as the interlevel dielectrics in multilevel interconnect technologies owing to their low coefficients of thermal expansion and excellent thermal/mechanical properties, are found to exhibit an extraordinarily large anisotropy in the refractive index, with the measured in-plane refractive index n(parallel)(approximately-equal-to)1.852 and the out-of-plane value n⊥(approximately-equal-to)1.612 at 632.8 nm wavelength, nearly independent of the film thickness. This large optical anisotropy indicates a very strong preference of polymer chains to orient along the film surface, and suggests a considerably larger (by ca. 27%) dielectric constant in the film plane than that along the film thickness. Moreover, there is some evidence for the existence of a very thin polyimide layer of slightly lower density and higher anisotropy adjacent to the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106339
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanosecond magneto-optic study of a new instability in thin YBa2Cu3O7−x films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the dynamics of flux penetration into thin superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x films using a magneto-optic technique with nanosecond time resolution. For films carrying large shielding currents an instability in the magnetic flux distribution is discovered, which can be triggered by a local perturbation, e.g., by a focused laser pulse. The instability develops in the form of fine ramified flux structures, with a propagation speed of the flux front on the order of 5×104 m/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110009
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the fundamental role of oxygen for the photochromic effect of WO3 (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4527-4533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The photochromic effect of thin amorphous WO3 films, i.e., the coloration upon exposing the sample to ultraviolet light, has been investigated by means of optically excited surface plasmons. Due to the high sensitivity of this technique, it was possible to investigate the dynamics of this effect on a scale as short as seconds. Our results demonstrate the dominant role of oxygen during the coloration and bleaching processes. We found clear evidence of an oxygen exchange between the sample and the ambient atmosphere during the photochromic process, which is at variance with the widely accepted double charge injection model. The coloration rate shows the same wavelength dependence as that of the creation rate of electron-hole pairs formed by optical excitation. The results can be explained by the light-induced decomposition of the incorporated water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354370
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface plasmon enhanced transient thermoreflectance (1990)
    Springer
    Applied physics 51 (1990), S. 350-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 42.80 ; 61.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that optically excited surface plasmons can be used for measurements of the surface temperature of a metal with nanosecond time resolution. This method is closely related to transient thermoreflectance, but its sensitivity is considerably higher. We give a survey on the mechanisms involved, briefly discussing the dependence on the sample properties. Experimental confirmation of the proposed sensitivity enhancement as well as the time resolution is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324319
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a bacterial lysine decarboxylase gene and transport of the protein into chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 475-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Nicotiana tabacum ; plant transformation ; gene expression ; bacterial lysine decarboxylase ; protein transport ; chloroplasts ; cadaverine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A possible approach for altering alkaloid biosynthesis in plants is the expression of genes encoding key enzymes of a pathway such as lysine decarboxylase (ldc) in transgenic plants. Two strategies were followed here: one focused on expression of the gene in the cytoplasm, the other on subsequent targeting of the protein to the chloroplasts. Theldcgene fromHafnia alvei was therefore (a) placed under the control of the 1′ promoter of the bidirectional Tr promoter fromAgrobacterium tumefaciens Ti- plasmid, and (b) cloned behind therbcS promoter from potato fused to the coding region of therbcS transit peptide. Bothldc constructs, introduced intoNicotiana tabacum with the aid ofA. tumefaciens, were integrated into the plant genome and transcribed as shown by Southern and northern hybridization. However, LDC activity was only detectable in plants expressing mRNA under the control of therbcS promoter directing the LDC fusion protein into chloroplasts with the aid of the transit peptide domain. In plants expressing the processed bacterial enzyme cadaverine levels increased from nearly zero to 0.3–1% of dry mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040641
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic effects of a bacterial lysine decarboxylase gene expressed in a hairy root culture ofNicotiana glauca (1992)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 14 (1992), S. 1035-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract OneNicotiana glauca line with distinctly enhanced levels of lysine decarboxylase (LDC) activity and of cadaverine was detected among 54 hairy root cultures of different tobacco species, transformed with the binary vector pLX222 carrying a bacteial lysine decarboxylase gene directed by the 35S-promoter of CaMV. Anabasine levels of this line were nearly doubled in comparison to control lines transformed with the gus-gene instead of the ldc-gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021054
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