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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1507-1509 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The time-resolved, above-gap optical response of optically thick Si1−xGex alloys to carrier injection by a femtosecond pump pulse is measured across the entire compositional range (0≤x≤1) using a novel femtosecond ellipsometric technique which clearly distinguishes the real and imaginary parts of the time-varying dielectric function ε1(t)+iε2(t). The results are modeled microscopically in terms of the Drude contribution from a diffusing hot electron-hole plasma, augmented by transient-induced absorption from hot-carrier-induced band renormalization. Further corrections from thermal band-gap shrinkage, intervalley scattering, and transient interband absorption saturation are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 2459-2467 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Monte Carlo method is used to simulate a turbulent electrostatic field that could process any given space correlation functions or corresponding power spectra. Then the diffusions of charged particles could be obtained by integrating the particle motion equations in this electric field. The simulation relative diffusion (without a magnetic field) shows good agreement with the analytic predictions on the extent of both quality and semiquantity. The simulation results in a strong magnetic field also agree qualitatively with both analytic theories and simulation results based on drift motion equation except for the parameter scaling law of diffusion coefficients. But the transverse relative diffusions in weak and middle magnetic fields are quite different from the analytic results. Two analytic discussions are provided for explaining these discrepancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 483-491 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment 8 (1994), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 1436-3259
    Keywords: Unsaturated ; nonlocal ; memory ; statistical physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract As illustrated variously by wetting and drying scanning curves, flow in unsaturated porous media is inherently nonlocal. This nonlocality is also manifest in hysteresis in the classical Darcy conductivity. It is the authors' belief that most current theories of unsaturated/saturated flow are often inadequate, as they do not account for spatial nonlocality and memory. Here we provide a fundamental theory in which nonlocality of the flow constitutive theory is a natural consequence of force balances. The results are derived from general principles in statistical physics and under appropriate limiting conditions, the classical Darcy's Law is recovered for saturated flow. A notable departure in this theory from other nonlocal flow theories is that a classical Darcy type equation on a small scale need not exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: D 2 receptors ; cAMP ; D 1 receptors ; nucleus accumbens ; D1/D2 interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electrophysiological effects of three selective D 1 dopamine (DA) receptor agonists, which exhibit different potencies and efficacies for stimulation of adenylate cyclase, were compared in the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) using single unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques. The partial agonists SKF 75670 and SKF 38393, and the full agonist SKF 81297 produced nearly identical current-response curves for the inhibition of firing of NAc neurons. In rats acutely depleted of DA byα-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) pretreatment, all three D 1 agonists enabled the inhibition of firing produced by the selective D 2 receptor agonist quinpirole, with SKF 38393 exerting the greatest efficacy, followed by SKF 81297 and SKF 75670. Thus, no apparent relationship was found between the previously reported ability of these compounds to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and their ability either to inhibit the firing of NAc neurons or to enable quinpirole-mediated inhibition of firing in DA-depleted rats. In addition, the membrane-permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP also caused a current-dependent inhibition of the firing of NAc neurons, but failed to enable quinpirole-mediated inhibition in AMPT-pretreated animals. These results suggest either that only a small percentage of D 1 receptors need to be stimulated to produce these electrophysiological effects, or that D 1 receptors exist within the rat NAc which are linked to transduction mechanisms other than, or in addition to, adenylate cyclase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 133-136 (Jan. 1993), p. 587-592 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 159-162 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Brassica chinensis (Choy-sam) ; potash fertilizer ; potassium response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response to potassium by a vegetable crop,Brassica chinensis Baily (Choy-sam) was studied in field experiments. The results indicated that the petiole and stem contained higher concentrations of potassium than other tissues while the leaf blades and flower contained highest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Application of potash significantly increased the yield of Choy-sam and the potassium concentration in the plant. There was no response to potash fertilizer when the ammonium acetate soluble K content of the soil was greater than 71 ± 12µg g−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 25 (1992), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume L'énergie de rupture Gf peut être déterminée expérimentalement selon la méthode recommandée par la RILEM. On a déjà constaté que l'énergie de rupture dépend à la fois de la taille et de la géométrie du spécimen à tester. Le modèle de la fissure fictive postule que l'énergie de rupture, la résistance à la traction, l'ouverture critique de la fissure fictive et la forme du diagramme de radoucissement sont constants pour un type de béton donné. On montre dans cet article qu'il est possible d'introduire une énergie de rupture locale gf. Cette énergie de rupture locale varie en fonction de la largeur de la zone d'endommagement. Au fur et à mesure que la fissure se propage dans le spécimen, la zone d'endommagement se confine de plus en plus et l'on assiste alors à une décroissance de l'énergie de rupture locale. Les prévisions théoriques ont été confrontées aux résultats expérimentaux obtenus par ‘l'essai de fondage par coin’ (wedge splitting technique), méthode décrite précédemment. Il a été monté qu'une variation locale de l'énergie de rupture entraîne une dépendance de l'énergie de rupture spécifique globale de la taille du spécimen.
    Notes: Abstract The fracture energy Gf can be determined following a RILEM recommendation. However, it has been found that fracture energy depends on both size and geometry of the test specimen. The underlying fictitious crack model postulates that fracture energy, tensile strength, the critical opening of the fictitious crack, and the shape of the softening curve (softening factor) are constants for a given type of concrete. Here it is shown that a local fracture energy ccan be introduced. This local fracture energy varies with the width of the fracture process zone. As the crack approaches the back end of a specimen the fracture process zone becomes more and more confined and hence the local fracture energy decreases. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results obtained with the wedge splitting technique described earlier. It is shown that a local variation of the fracture energy leads to a size dependence of the global specific fracture energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 5958-5964 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Rigid diacetylene-containing block copolymers are shown to have Raman spectra similar to those of polydiacetylene single crystals. The vibrational frequencies of certain main-chain Raman-active modes of the copolymers are sensitive to deformation which enables strain measurement to be made by following the shift in the Raman band positions. Measurements of the stress concentrations around defects in copolymer specimens during deformation have been carried out using Raman spectroscopy and they have been compared with theoretical analyses of stress concentrations. There is good agreement between the theoretical and experimental measurements and it has been demonstrated that the use of Raman spectroscopy allows the measurement of stress or strain in complex situations for which no theoretical solutions exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 1409-1416 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between structure and mechanical properties for high-modulus alumina-zirconia fibres PRD-166 has been examined in detail. The structure has been characterized using a combination of wide-angle X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The fibres have been found to have a Young's modulus of at least 280 GPa and a fracture strength of up to 1.2 GPa. The deformation of the fibres has also been followed using Raman microscopy where it is found that the wave numbers of the two α-alumina Raman bands and two zirconia Raman bands shift on the application of strain. This is interpreted as being due to macroscopic stressing of the fibres leading to direct stressing of the metal oxide grains in the fibres. The possible application of this phenomenon for the investigation of the micromechanics of deformation of composites reinforced with PRD-166 fibres is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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