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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 678-681 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The cylindrical triple probe method is an attractive technique for measuring electron temperatures (Te) and electron number densities (ne) in a variety of plasmas sources. In practice, however, the cylindrical triple probe can be sensitive to sources of error that affect all Langmuir probe techniques. In particular, the presence of an ion drift velocity component that is perpendicular to the probe axis has been known to result in erroneous measurements of ne. Less obvious, however, is that ion flow perpendicular to the probe has a significant effect on the indicated Te. The purpose of this note is to make researchers aware of such an effect and to demonstrate a technique which can mitigate it. The approach taken to investigate this phenomenon was to make Te measurements in the plume of a 20 kW magnetoplasmadynamic thruster with the probe oriented at several angles with respect to the local ion flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 52 (1990), S. 625-645 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Neuroscience 17 (1994), S. 219-246 
    ISSN: 0147-006X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Synaptophysin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pineal gland ; Pinealocytes ; Meriones unguiculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptophysin (protein p38), a major integral membrane glycoprotein of small presynaptic vesicles, was localized immunohistochemically in semithin sections of the superficial pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Synaptophysin immunoreactivity could be detected in all pinealocytes, which were visualized with antibodies directed against neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in adjacent sections. No p38 immunoreactivity was discernible in the interstitial glial cells, which showed a heterogeneous pattern of immunostaining for the intermediate filament proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. Pinealocytes exhibited considerable intercellular differences in the densities of immunostaining. The various degrees of synaptophysin immunoreactivities in pinealocytes were not correlated with the densities of NSE immunostaining. Nerve terminals and varicosities displayed stronger immunoreactivities than pinealocytes. They were particularly numerous in the perivascular spaces. It is not clear whether this distribution indicates an innervation of pineal capillaries in addition to the functionally important innervation of pinealocytes. Several highly p38-positive dots of variable size were a conspicuous feature throughout the gland. By the consecutive semithin-thin section technique, they could be identified as processes of pinealocytes, filled with accumulations of small clear vesicles. Obviously, these vesicles represent the major site of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in pinealocytes. In the gerbil, similar vesicles have been ascribed a role in the secretory activity of the gland, and/or in the transport of calcium. The intercellular differences in the degrees of p38 immunostaining may, therefore, reflect different states of a specific cellular activity. The presence of synaptophysin in pinealocytes of the normal pineal, including the deep portions of the gland, emphasizes the paraneuronal character of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 2 (1994), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: α-aluminum fiber ; polycrystalline α-Al2O3-fiber ; spinnable sol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of spinnable sols has been developed to obtain a new type of sol-gel derived pure alumina fiber. The starting material was aluminum sec-butoxide, which was modified in a first step with glycolether, e.g., isopropoxyethanol. This leads to a partial replacement of alkoxy groups via alcoholysis and a change of the precursor structure from a trimeric to a tetrameric one. In the second step, carboxylation, the transformation to six-coordinated aluminum could be observed. Due to the formation of a sol with Newtonian flow behavior after hydrolysis, gel fibers up to several kilometers long could be drawn directly from the clear colorless sol with spinning velocities up to 200 m/min. The addition of an organic filament-forming polymer is not necessary. The sol is spinnable for periods up to one year. The transformation of the gel fiber to α-Al2O3 occurs at 1150° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 461-467 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptophysin ; P38 ; Membrane proteins ; Endocrine pancreas ; Islet cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human ; Dog ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptophysin, a major membrane glycoprotein of small presynaptic vesicles in neurons, has also been found in microvesicles of endocrine cells, e.g., of the endocrine pancreas. In the present study, the endocrine pancreas in 9 mammalian species (man, dog, mink, bovine, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse, gerbil) has been investigated immunohistochemically for synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Synaptophysin-positive cells have been identified and localized on semithin plastic sections. Our study demonstrates that, in all species examined, all pancreatic endocrine cell types are consistently synaptophysin-positive independent of their location within the tissue, or the conditions of tissue processing. In addition, a few cells that cannot be hormonally identified show synaptophysin immunoreactivity. Hence, synaptophysin appears to be a regular constituent of all pancreatic endocrine cells in mammals. In several species, a subpopulation of endocrine cells, consisting of glucagon-containing and/or pancreatic-polypeptide-containing cells, exhibits a significantly higher degree of synaptophysin immunoreactivity. In the gerbil, this heterogeneity can readily be detected from the day of birth onwards. Our findings indicate that closely related endocrine cell types may differ with respect to the content of synaptophysin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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