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Clinical isolates of yeast produce a gliotoxin-like substance (1991)

Shah, Darshana T. ; Larsen, Bryan

Springer

Mycopathologia 116 (1991), S. 203-208

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ISSN: 1573-0832

Keywords: Candida albicans ; mycotoxin ; gliotoxin ; virulence

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Candida infections are major causes of morbidity in compromised human hosts, but our understanding of the virulence of Candida remains incomplete. The possibility that toxic fungal metabolites belonging to the chemical class epipolythiodioxopiperzine (ETP), which are reported to possess immunomodulating and antiphagocytic properties may be produced by Candida species was investigated. Reversed phase HPLC analysis of flash evaporated chloroform extracts of 7 day cultures of clinical Candida isolates grown in Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) with 5% fetal calf serum revealed the presence of a compound which eluted at the same time as the ETP, gliotoxin. Of 50 strains of yeast tested, 32 produced this gliotoxin-like material. This material was tested for other properties of ETP type toxins including the presence of mercaptans (Ellman reaction), ultraviolet absorbance spectrum and antibacterial activity against Micrococcus lutea. These tests revealed gliotoxin-like material from yeast cultures to be similar to commercially supplied gliotoxin. This represents the first report of the presence of ETP-like compounds in yeast and raises the possibility that ETP's may contribute to the virulence of the organism.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436836

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High performance ion exclusion chromatographic characterization of the vaginal organic acids in women with bacterial vaginosis (1992)

Stanek, Ronald ; Glover, Douglas D. ; Larsen, Bryan ; [et al.]

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Biomedical Chromatography 6 (1992), S. 231-235

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ISSN: 0269-3879

Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Vaginal organic acids have previously been detected by gas-liquid chromatography, but we have applied an ion exclusion high performance liquid chromatographic procedure to the analysis of vaginal discharge samples. This procedure has the advantage of not requiring derivitization of non-volatile acids and provides the convenience of a technique which does not require the use of flammable gasses, while allowing the identification of at least 18 different acids from the same chromatographic analysis. Vaginal discharge from women with symptoms of bacterial vaginosis was collected on weighed swabs and analysed for the presence of organic acids. The results were compared to the organic acid content of samples obtained from the same cohort of women after treatment with metronidazole. In addition, samples were obtained from asymptomatic women and these samples were analysed in the same manner. The number of organic acids present in samples from women with bacterial vaginosis was greater than the number found after treatment or among asymptomatic women. Succinic acid appeared to be inversely related to lactate concentration and succinate:lactate ratios were greater among women with bacterial vaginosis before treatment than after treatment. Liquid chromatography has proven useful as a means of evaluating the metabolic end-products of vaginal microorganisms in situ.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.