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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Audit between Hospitals:: The Example of Appendectomy (1994)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of health care quality assurance 7 (1994), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-6862
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: How useful are routine, comparative audit systems? To attempt to answerthis question, data from a system in North West Thames were used. Acommon procedure was selected (appendectomy) and data supplied by 17surgeons between January and June 1990 were analysed. Aspects of thecase-mix, clinical management, diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomesfor the surgeons were compared. A total of 401 patients had beentreated. All aspects of care varied between surgeons: mean age ofpatients (19-36 years), proportion of female patients (30-75 per cent),mean length of stay (2.1-7.1 days), prophylactic antibiotic use (0-85per cent), diagnostic accuracy (40-100 per cent) and incidence of woundinfections (0-4 per cent). As a result of the small sample sizes (meannumber of cases per surgeon was 23.6) few of these differences werestatistically significant. In addition, there were some doubts about theaccuracy of some of the data. If such methodological difficulties can beovercome, comparative audit systems offer a practical and useful way ofuncovering unusual clinical practices and generating hypotheses forevaluative research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09526869410059691
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  • 2
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    Running groups for the parents of schizophrenic adolescents: initial experiences and plans for the future (1991)
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of adolescence. 14:1 (1991) 1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0140-1971
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:d137-1991-014-01-000001
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  • 3
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    Children's Attributions for Peers' Positive Behaviors: Social Status Differences (1991)
    New York : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 19:6 (1991:Dec.) 645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-0627
    Topics: Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:h225-1991-019-06-000002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microflora of periodontal sites showing active destructive progression (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 20 adult periodontitis (AP) subjects were examined every 2 to 4 months and microbiological samples were collected and cultured when 2 mm or more loss of attachment (active sites) was detected by 2 examiners. Similar sites in which no progressive destruction was observed (control sites) also were sampled in the same subjects. By A-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in floras of active (42 sites from 12 subjects) and control (36 sites from 12 subjects) sites or between the floras of the active and control sites and of 63 samples from 22 AP subjects that were examined previously in a cross-sectional study. By paired t test, no microbial species had a significantly greater association with active than with control sites. The only species that were detected in one or more samples from all subjects with active sites were Wolinetta recta, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus micros. Prophyromonas gingivalis and 9 other taxa were isolated from one-half or more of the persons with active sites. The composition of microbiological floras of all periodontitis samples was statistically significantly different from that of subjects with healthy gingiva. The composition of microfloras of sites in subjects with naturally-occurring gingivitis was intermediate between that of subjects with healthy gingiva and that of active and control sites in AP subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00064.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms of sudden death in patients with congenital teratoma (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 7 (1992), S. 464-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Congenital teratoma ; Sudden death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with congenital teratomas usually have a favourable prognosis provided that adequate surgical excision is performed early in life and that no malignancy is detected within the excised tissue. Three patients who died suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of the critical locations of their congenital teratomas demonstrate an alternative outcome. The clinicopathological features and mechanisms of death are described. A 4.8-kg, term boy failed to establish normal respiration and died after 1 h. At autopsy the chest cavity was almost completely occupied by a grossly distended pericardial sac that contained a large teratoma arising from the root of the aorta. A 31-week-gestation boy who was delivered by caesarean section for fetal distress died after 1 h of respiratory distress due to upper airway obstruction caused by a large anterior cervical teratoma. A 1.7-kg, 36-week-gestation girl who was admitted in a moribund state died during attempted surgical removal of a large sacrococcygeal teratoma that had caused marked haemorrhage during delivery. Antenatal diagnosis had not been made in any of the patients. These cases demonstrate that sudden death due to variable mechanisms such as cardiorespiratory compromise, airway obstruction, pulmonary hypoplasia, and traumatic haemorrhage should always be considered as possible complications of congenital teratoma that may occur prior to definitive surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178831
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons by juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in an urban estuary (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 19 (1990), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to assess the potential for uptake of toxic chemicals by down-stream migrant salmon in an urban estuary. Juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were collected from the Duwamish Waterway (located in Seattle, Washington) and from the Nisqually River (a reference site). The mean concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the stomach contents (food organisms) of salmon from the Duwamish Waterway were approximately 650 times and 4 times, respectively, higher than those in salmon from the Nisqually River. Similarly, the mean concentration of bile metabolites of aromatic compounds which fluoresce at benzo[a]pyrene wavelengths was 24 times higher in the urban salmon compared to the reference salmon, whereas the mean concentration of PCBs in liver of urban salmon was 3 times higher than that in reference salmon. The study clearly demonstrated that, during their residency in this urban estuary, juvenile chinook salmon bioaccumulate substantial levels of toxic chemicals. The possible effects of these chemical exposures on the health and survival of this species are not presently known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059807
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic potentials and transfer functions of lamprey spinal neurons (1992)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 67 (1992), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 1. Electrotonic and chemical synaptic potentials were measured as a function of frequency of presynaptic action potentials. Over the frequency range from 0.02 to 10 Hz, the electrotonic synaptic potential was constant, while the chemical synaptic potential decreased in magnitude. Above 10 Hz, both synaptic events decreased in magnitude consistent with filtering by the dendritic structures. 2. Electrotonic synaptic transfer functions from 0.5 to 100 Hz were measured for the I 1 reticulospinal Müller axon to spinal neuron electrotonic synaptic junction of the lamprey spinal cord using paired recordings from the pre-synaptic terminals and the post-synaptic neurons. In addition to this two-point synaptic transfer function, individual single point impedance functions of both the postsynaptic soma and the pre-synaptic axon terminal were measured. 3. The measured functions were interpreted with a computational model based on a three dimensional reconstruction of a Lucifer yellow filled motoneuron. Simulations of the model for a synaptic location of the I 1, synapse were consistent with the measured synaptic transfer functions. 4. Synaptic potentials were simulated for inputs on dendrites near the I 1 axon as well as distal dendritic regions. The high frequency filtering increased as the synaptic location was moved from the soma to the periphery, but the potential response on distal dendrites was larger than would have been predicted from the end of the equivalent cylinder of a Rall model that was used to fit soma impedance functions. 5. Electrotonic post-synaptic potentials were enhanced by the activation of a TTX-sensitive negative conductance. The algebraic addition of the increased negative conductance and all of the positive conductances led to a decreased net conductance, i.e. an increased impedance. Thus, the same synaptic current caused a larger potential response proportional to the neuronal impedance. Post-synaptic potentials computed from the transfer function data showed an enhancement with depolarization similar to that observed by direct measurement. 6. Thus, measurements of point and transfer impedances of central neurons, coupled with simulations allow a quantitative description of the cable properties of dendritic processes including both passive filtering and active voltagedependent properties that may enhance synaptic potentials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201019
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxfendazole treatment of non-parasitized lambs and its effect on the immune system (1994)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 18 (1994), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: antibody ; blastogenesis ; complement ; lymphocytes ; oxfendazole ; sheep ; weight gain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten parasite-free lambs were drenched with oxfendazole on days 0 and 28 and, one day after each drench, were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin. Ten other antigen-injected lambs were not drenched (controls). Lymphocytes collected 3 days after each antigen injection and cultured in RPMI 1640 plus 5% fetal calf serum (FCS) and lymphocytes collected 3 days after the first and 3 and 7 days after the second antigen injection and cultured in 50% autologous serum had decreased blastogenic activity compared with control lymphocytes. After the second drench, decreased blastogenesis was seen with lymphocytes collected on days 3 and 7 and cultured in 5% FCS and concanavalin A (Con A) and on day 3 when cultured in 5% FCS and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Decreased blastogenesis was also seen with lymphocytes collected 7 and 29 days after the second injection of antigen and cultured in 50% autologous serum plus Con A and on days 3, 7 and 29 when cultured in 50% autologous serum and PHA. Significantly depressed antibody responses to both antigens were seen after the second drench. The serum complement level was depressed 3 days after the second injection of antigen. Serum nitric oxide levels were significantly depressed 3 and 21 days after the first and 7 and 21 days after the second injection of antigen. There were no differences in levels of growth-promoting hormones but the drenched lambs gained significantly more weight than the controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839256
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus sp. associated with Douglas-fir tuberculate ectomycorrhizae (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 140 (1992), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: associative diazotrophs ; Douglas-fir ectomycorrhizae ; nitrogen fixation ; tuberculate ectomycorrhizae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogenase activities, measured by acetylene reduction, were detected under microaerophilic field conditions in Douglas-fir tuberculate ectomycorrhizae. Tuberculate ectomycorrhizae consist of densely packed clusters of ectomycorrhizal rootlets enclosed in a supplementary fungal peridium-like layer. Nitrogenase activity was primarily in the external layer and was greatly enhanced with added sucrose. The bacterium isolated, a nitrogen-fixing, spore-forming Bacillus sp., is an aerobe but requires anaerobic conditions for nitrogenase activity. Respiration in the tuberculate complex by the fungus, roots, and associated mycorrhizosphere microbes probably contributes to maintaining a microaerophilic niche where nitrogen fixation can take place. Water extracts of peridium or mycorrhizal root tips enhanced nitrogenase activity of this associative Bacillus sp., thereby indicating a close nutritional relationship between this bacterium and the tuberculate mycorrhizae. Thiamine more significantly enhanced bacterial nitrogenase activity than biotin; no activity was detected with p-aminobenzoic acid. Even though the levels ofnitrogenase activities in the tubercles in situ were low, as measured by the present methods, they may indicate a significant contribution to the nitrogen dynamics of these nitrogen-limited Douglas-fir forests over a long-term period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012804
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Children's attributions for Peers' positive behaviors: Social status differences (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of abnormal child psychology 19 (1991), S. 645-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2835
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-cooperative boys in their attributions for peers'positive behaviors. In individual interviews, 27 aggressive-rejected and 27 nonaggressive-accepted boys were presented with 10 vignettes and a real-life situation in which a peer's action resulted in a favorable outcome for another peer or for the subject. Subjects' attributions for the peer's behavior were elicited with open-ended probes. Analysis of variance indicated that the groups did not differ in their tendency to infer positive intentions in the hypothetical story condition. In the real-life situation, aggressive-rejected boys were less likely to infer positive intentionality than were the nonaggressive-accepted boys. Boys' responses across the two conditions (hypothetical and real life) were moderately consistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00918904
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