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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Altered Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide, Substance P and Enkephalin Immunoreactivities and Receptor Binding Sites in the Dorsal Spinal Cord of the Polyarthritic Rat (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which forms the locus of first synapses in pain pathways, is an important site of interaction between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and enkephalin—the neuropeptides considered to be especially involved in the regulation of pain perception. Since adjuvant-induced arthritic rats provide a suitable model for peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia, the possible alterations of immunoreactive CGRP, substance P and enkephalin as well as the binding sites for [125I]hCGRPα, [125I]substance Plneurokinin-1, (NK1) and [125I]FK-33-824/μ-opioid receptors were studied in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord receiving projections from the inflamed limbs. In arthritic rats compared to control animals, a bilateral increase in CGRP- and substance P-immunoreactive fibres and the presence of enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies were noted in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. As for receptors, while a significant decrease in [125I]hCGRPα and [125I]substance P/NK1 binding sites was observed in selective layers, no measurable alteration in [125I]FK-33-824/μ-opioid binding sites was noted in any regions of the arthritic rat dorsal horn compared to the unaffected control rats. Following unilateral section of the peripheral nerve prior to induction of arthritis, CGRP- and substance P-immunoreactive fibres were markedly depleted and no enkephalin-positive neurons were observed in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Analysis of receptor binding sites in denervated arthritic rats, however, exhibited differential responses, i.e. a significant increase in [125I]hCGRPα, a marked decrease in [125I]FK-33-824/μ-opioid and apparently no alteration in [125I]substance P/NK1 receptor binding sites were observed in the ipsilateral dorsal horn compared to the intact contralateral side. These results taken together provide anatomical evidence for a concerted role of these peptides in the regulation of adjuvant-induced hyperalgesia accompanying peripheral inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00277.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The augmentation of lymphokine-activated killer activity following pulsing of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant human interleukin-2 (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 35 (1992), S. 264-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Interleukin-2 ; LAK cells ; Low pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The short-term exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) at 37°C leads to the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity similar in magnitude to that obtained by the exposure of PBMC to rhIL-2 continuously for 3–5 days. In order to investigate whether the required signal for LAK induction occurred during the short exposure to rhIL-2 or at a later point in the induction phase, PBMC were exposed to rhIL-2 for 1 h at 4°C and then exposed to a low-pH wash to remove bound IL-2 from its receptor. PBMC treated in such a way showed increased LAK activity and proliferation compared to cells exposed to rhIL-2 alone. Expression of the p55 (α) subunit of the IL-2 receptor was also increased. In order to cause the augmentation, a lowering of the pH below 4.0 was necessary, and exposure of PBMC to low pH alone (in the absence of rhIL-2) failed to cause activation. Another relevant feature was a transient increase in the expression of the p75 subunit of the IL-2 receptor (β chain) immediately following the exposure to low pH and the release of interferon γ, tumour necrosis factor α and IL-6; activation was blocked by the inclusion of neutralising antisera raised against rhIL-2 and interferon γ, thus demonstrating that the endogenous release of these cytokines is important for activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01789333
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The release and plant uptake of nitrogen from some plant and animal manures (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Manures ; N mineralisation ; N uptake ; 15N ; Added nitrogen interactions ; Priming effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field and laboratory experiments were used to examine the efficiency of N uptake from various manure forms, and at different rates of application. In a field experiment, wheat was grown on soils with different amounts of 15N-labelled legume residues. The amount of N taken up by the crop was directly proportional to the amount applied, with a recovery of between 15% and 23% of the legume N. In a second field experiment, inorganic N was applied at rates varying from 0 to 120 kg N ha-1 in the presence and absence of poultry manure. The uptake of N by barley was 11 kg ha-1 greater in the manured plots when no inorganic N was applied, and 23 kg ha-1 greater when N was applied at the top rate. N uptake in a pot experiment was again shown to be directly proportional to the rate of manure application, but the amount of N taken up was strongly related to the N content of the manure. An incubation experiment demonstrated that net N mineralisation reached a maximum where residue concentrations were 1,5%. The significance of added nitrogen interactions in the context of manure-N additions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337214
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regulation of cyclic AMP production and the role of cyclic AMP in B16 melanoma cells of differing metastatic potential (1990)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 8 (1990), S. 475-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nature of the relationship between agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP production and metastatic potential was examined in detail for four B16 melanoma cell lines of varying metastatic potential. Highly metastatic cells (B16 F10C1) appeared to differ from cells of low metastatic potential (B16 F1C29) in the degree to which cyclic AMP production in intact cells was stimulated by protein kinase C activation. No significant difference was found in the adenylate cyclase enzyme activities of the broken cells, irrespective of the agonist used, or in the distribution of cyclic AMP between the intracellular and extracellular compartment. Although B16 F1, F10 and F10C1 cells all produced equally pigmented tumors in vivo, the cells differed in their melanogenic response to cyclic AMP elevating agents in vitro: the least metastatic cells produced least agonist-induced cyclic AMP but this induced greatest tyrosinase activation and melanin production in vitro; conversely, the more metastatic cells produced more cyclic AMP but less tyrosinase activation and melanin production in response to agonist stimulation. Thus, agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP production does not appear to be coupled to the differentiated function of melanogenesis for highly metastatic B16 melanoma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058157
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the efficacy of deltamethrin applied to cattle for the control of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in southern Africa (1991)
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 23 (1991), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La tsé-tsé (Glossina spp.) occupe 11 millions de km2 du sol africain (Greekmore, 1989) et elle est responsable de la transmission de la trypanosomose chez l'homme et les animaux. En raison de son taux lent de reproduction (les femelles ne produisent que 4 à 5 larves par an) la luttre contre la tsétsé est la meilleure méthode pour combattre la trypanosomose. On a utilisé, et on utilise encore, de nombreuses techniques variées et bien que des succès aient été obtenus, aucune solution à long terme n'a encore été trouvée.
    Abstract: Resumen La mosca tsetsé (Glossina spp.) infesta 11 millones de km2 (Greekmore, 1989) donde es responsable de la transmisión de tripanosomiasis al hombre y animales. Debido a la baja tasa de reproducción de la mosca (cuatro a cinco pupas por año), el control de la mosca per se es el método más efectivo, habiendose obtenido algún éxito, sin encontrer todavía una solución a largo plazo.
    Notes: Summary The tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) inhabits 11 million km2 of Africa (Greekmore, 1989) where it is responsible for the transmission of trypanosomosis to man and animals. Because of its slow rate of reproduction, with females producing only four to five pupae per annum, control of the tsetse fly is the best means of controlling trypanosomosis. A number of different methods have been and are used but, whilst successes have been achieved, a long term solution has not been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357104
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in bread wheats (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis ; resistance ; tan spot ; yellow spot ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary No complete resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been located in more than 1400 bread wheats examined. Incomplete resistance, however, occurs at different levels in many spring and winter types and data are presented for the strongest sources of resistance detected. In particular, there is a high frequency of Brazilian spring wheats with appreciable levels of resistance to this pathogen. Recent international nurseries from CIMMYT, Mexico, also contain numerous potentially valuable sources of resistance and these wheats may be shorter and higher yielding in Australia than the Brazilian wheats. The resistances in many Brazilian cultivars may be largely common because the cultivars are often strongly interrelated. Some of the Brazilian wheats resistant to P. tritici-repentis are also resistant to one or more of the septoria diseases and/or possess tolerance to aluminium toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032151
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A positive association between agonist-induced cyclic AMP production in vitro and metastatic potential in murine B16 melanoma and hamster fibrosarcoma (1990)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 8 (1990), S. 461-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A positive association between agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP production in vitro and both experimentally induced (B16 melanoma) and spontaneous (fibrosarcoma) metastases were found. Five B16 melanoma cell lines producing varying degrees of lung colonization following intravenous injection and three hamster fibrosarcoma cell lines producing a varying number of metastases in lungs and regional lymph nodes after removal of the primary tumour were studied. Agonist-stimulated (forskolin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone), but not basal cyclic AMP accumulation, increased with increasing metastatic potential. This relationship did not extend to other intracellular signalling systems as determined by investigation of basal or foetal-calf stimulated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis for either tumour type. Intracellular free calcium was also similar in B16 melanoma cell lines of varying metastatic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058156
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