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  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kaluza-Klein reduction and consistency of the massive spin-3/2 theory with external interaction (1991)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 49 (1991), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A gauge-invariant Rarita-Schwinger theory of a massive spin-3/2 particle interacting with external electromagnetic, gravitational and dilaton fields is obtained by Kaluza-Klein reduction of a massless Rarita-Schwinger theory with graviational interaction. Fermionic gauge invariance serves to determine the background equations of motion. The couplings with external fields obtained by the Kaluza-Klein reduction are shown to lead to the absence of the classical Velo-Zwanziger problem and on quantizing using Dirac's procedure, the field anticommutators are found to be positive definite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01483576
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of failures in stainless steel orthopaedic implant devices: pit-induced stress corrosion cracking (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1992), S. 1039-1042 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00729754
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on biomechanically induced fatigue failure of a stainless steel orthopaedic implant device (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 145-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00819941
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of failures in stainless steel orthopaedic implant devices: fatigue failure due to improper fixation of a compression bone plate (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1994), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00416827
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivation of the aerodynamic roughness parameters for a Sahelian savannah site using the eddy correlation technique (1992)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 58 (1992), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Vertical exchange of heat, moisture and momentum above the earth's surface depends strongly on the turbulence generated by surface roughness. This roughness is best specified through the roughness length and the zero plane displacement. The ratio of windspeed to friction velocity was measured at four heights using the eddy correlation technique at a fallow savannah site in the Sahel. The change in this ratio with height was used to derive the zero plane displacement and the roughness length of the surface, together with an estimate of the error in each parameter. These were estimated as 0.93 ± 0.35 m and 0.17 ± 0.01 m, respectively. The method appears to be a more robust alternative to wind profile derivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033827
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate change and implications for agriculture in Niger (1992)
    Springer
    Climatic change 20 (1992), S. 297-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Five-year moving averages of annual rainfall for 21 locations in Niger showed a decline in the annual rainfall after 1960. Correlation coefficients of the moving averages of monthly rainfall with annual rainfall showed significant correlations between the decline in the annual rainfall with decreased rainfall in August. Analysis of daily rainfall data for rainy season parameters of interest to agriculture suggested that from 1965 there was a significant decrease in the amount of rainfall and in the number of rainy days in the months of July and August, resulting in a decreased volume of rainfall for each rainstorm. In comparison to the period 1945–64, major shifts have occurred in the average dates of onset and ending of rains during 1965–88. The length of the growing season was reduced by 5–20 days across different locations in Niger. The standard deviation for the onset and ending of the rains as well as the length of the growing season has increased, implying that cropping has become more risky. Water balance calculations also demonstrated that the probability of rainfall exceeding potential evapotranspiration decreased during the growing season. The implications of these changes for agriculture in Niger are discussed using field data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00142424
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of general circulation model output in the creation of climate change scenarios for impact analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Climatic change 23 (1993), S. 293-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Many scientific studies warn of a rapid global climate change during the next century. These changes are understood with much less certainty on a regional scale than on a global scale, but effects on ecosystems and society will occur at local and regional scales. Consequently, in order to study the true impacts of climate change, regional scenarios of future climate are needed. One of the most important sources of information for creating scenarios is the output from general circulation models (GCMs) of the climate system. However, current state-of-the-art GCMs are unable to simulate accurately even the current seasonal cycle of climate on a regional basis. Thus the simple technique of adding the difference between 2 × CO2 and 1 × CO2 GCM simulations to current climatic time series cannot produce scenarios with appropriate spatial and temporal details without corrections for model deficiencies. In this study a technique is developed to allow the information from GCM simulations to be used, while accommodating for the deficiencies. GCM output is combined with knowledge of the regional climate to produce scenarios of the equilibrium climate response to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration for three case study regions, China, Sub-Saharan Africa and Venezuela, for use in biological effects models. By combining the general climate change calculated with several GCMs with the observed patterns of interannual climate variability, reasonable scenarios of temperature and precipitation variations can be created. Generalizations of this procedure to other regions of the world are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091621
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climatic constraints to crop production and fertilizer use (1991)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 29 (1991), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa ; climate ; rainfall ; erodibility ; mulch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The alarming food deficits projected for sub-Saharan African from recent production figures make it mandatory that no effort be spared in reversing the trend of declining yields. Developing better understanding of such climate-related constraints as high intensity storms, inadequate rainfall or poor rainfall distribution, high temperatures and high evaporative demands, excessive rainfall and high erodibility of soils will result in measures that can overcome or mitigate these constraints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048985
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatibility of ferritic and duplex stainless steels as implant materials: in vitro corrosion performance (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 6081-6086 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and accelerated leaching of iron, chromium and nickel of super-ferritic and duplex stainless steels, and for effective comparison the presently used 316L stainless steel, have been studied in an artificial physiological solution (Hank's solution) by the potentiodynamic anodic polarization method. The results of the above studies have shown the new super-ferritic stainless steel to be immune to pitting and crevice corrosion attack. The pitting and crevice corrosion resistances of duplex stainless steel were found to be superior to those of the commonly used type 316L stainless steel implant materials. The accelerated leaching study conducted for the above alloys showed very little tendency for the leaching of metal ions when compared with 316L stainless steel. Thus the present study indicated that super-ferritic and duplex stainless steels can be adopted as implant materials due to their higher pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365025
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial variability of rainfall at an experimental station in Niger, West Africa (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 42 (1990), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Variability of rainfall in the semi-arid regions can cause problems in evaluating experimental trials. To describe the spatial rainfall patterns over a large experimental station, rainfall was monitored during the 1986 and 1987 rainy seasons using 18 raingages over the 500 ha experimental station of ICRISAT Sahelian Center, in Niger, West Africa. Average relative variability of individual rain storms, defined as the percentage deviation from the mean, varied from 2 to 62%, while the variability over the rainy season was 17.1%. Isohyetal patterns of individual rain storms as well as seasonal totals showed distinct coherence in the spatial pattern over the station. The effects of total volume, duration, direction and intensity of storms and the time of year on the spatial correlations were analyzed. Storm value showed a large influence on the correlation decay with distance. Correlations in the W — E and SW — NE directions were higher in comparison to those in the N — S and NW — SE directions. Point rainfall measurements were better correlated with the network average rainfall than with the rainfall recorded at the meteorological station. Variograms among raingages revealed that the distance of independence was approximately 1 000 m for almost all storms. Use of a network of raingages over agricultural experiment stations reduces the average relative variability of areal rainfall estimates and provides a means to develop simple relations for estimation of point rainfall for individual applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00865524
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