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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Regulation of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) in Regenerating Rat Facial Nucleus and Dorsal Root Ganglion (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The content of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP-mRNA were determined in axotomized rat facial motor nucleus and sensory fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion (L5 DRG) using radioimmunoassay and Northern blot analysis. After facial nerve transection CGRP levels in the facial nucleus showed a biphasic, five-fold increase. A first peak occurred at postoperative day 3 and, after a transient decrease to normal levels at day 9, another increase was observed reaching a peak around the time of reinnervation (postoperative day 21). CGRP-mRNA showed a similar, biphasic increase. The first peak in CGRP mRNA preceded the peptide peak by 2 days, the second peak was day 21. In contrast, a decrease in CGRP levels is seen in L5 DRG after sciatic nerve section, reaching minimal levels of 45% of control during the second postoperative week. CGRP-mRNA in axotomized DRG also decreases preceding the decrease in peptide levels. No recovery to normal levels is seen for either peptide or mRNA levels in regenerating DRG up to 45 days after injury. Thus, axotomy leads to a differential regulation of both CGRP and CGRP-mRNA in regenerating facial motor nucleus and sensory L5 DRG. This difference may be due to different regulating factors present in both the respective target tissues and the CNS regions and could reflect different functions of CGRP in regenerating motor and sensory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00820.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of subtraction hybridization for the development of a Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli and Rhizobium tropici group-specific DNA probe (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 13 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A combined subtraction hybridization and polymerase chain reaction/amplification technique was used to develop a DNA probe which was specific for the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli and the Rhizobium tropici group. Total genomic DNA preparations from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii, Rhizobium sp., Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhizobium fredii, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Bradyrhizobium ssp. and Rhizobium meliloti were pooled and used as subtracter DNA against total genomic DNA from the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseolo strain KIM5s. Only one round of subtraction hybridization at 65°C was necessary to remove all cross-hybridizing sequences. Dot blot hybridizations with total genomic DNA of the eight subtracter organisms and 29 bacteria of different groups confirmed the high specificity of the isolated DNA sequences. Dot blot hybridizations and total genomic DNA from ten different R. Leguminosarum biovar phaseoli and R. tropici strains resulted in strong hybridization signals for all strains tested. The DNA probe for the R. tropici and R. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli group was used for dot blot hybridization with DNA extracts from three tropical and one boreal soil. When correlated with data from Most Probable Number analyses the probe was capable of detecting as low as 3 × 104 homologous indigenous rhizobia per g soil. The technique offers great benefits for the development of DNA probes for monitoring bacterial populations in environmental samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00051.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 657 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22782.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitiveness and communication for effective inoculation byRhizobium, Bradyrhizobium and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (1994)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 884-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; communication ; competitiveness ; Rhizobium ; vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After a short summary on the ecology and rhizosphere biology of symbiotic bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza fungi and their application as microbial inocula, results on competitiveness and communication are summarized. Stress factors such as high temperature, low soil pH, aluminium concentrations and phytoalexins produced by the host plants were studied withRhizobium leguminosarum bv.phaseoli andRhizobium tropici onPhaseolus beans. Quantitative data for competitiveness were obtained by usinggus + (glucoronidase) labelled strains, which produce blue-coloured nodules. ForPhaseolus-nodulating rhizobia, a group specific DNA probe was also developed, which did not hybridize with more than 20 other common soil and rhizosphere bacteria. Results from several laboratories contributing to knowledge of signal exchange and communication in theRhizobium/Bradyrhizobium legume system are summarized in a new scheme, including also defense reactions at the early stages of legume nodule initiation. Stimulating effects of flavonoids on germination and growth of VA mycorrhiza fungi were also found. A constitutive antifungal compound in pea roots, β-isoxazolinonyl-alanine, was characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923474
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive expression of immunomolecules on microglial cells in rat dorsal hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Microglia ; Hippocampus ; Ischemia ; Rat ; Major histocompatibility complex antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We show a differential up-regulation of immunomolecules in the rat dorsal hippocampus accompanying neuronal cell death as a consequence of transient forebrain ischemia (four-vessel occlusion model). Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we have examined the time course of expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens class I (OX-18) and class II (OX-6), leukocyte common antigen (OX-1), CD4 (W3/25) and CD8 (OX-8) antigens, CR3 complement receptor (OX-42), as well as brain macrophage antigen (ED2). The study was performed at time intervals ranging from 1 to 28 days after reperfusion. Throughout all post-ischemic time periods, strongly enhanced immunoreactivity on microglial cells in the CA1 region and dentate hilus and, to a lesser extent, in CA3 was demonstrated with mAb OX-42. MHC class I-positive cells (OX-18) appeared on day 2, whereas cells immunoreactive with OX-1 and W3/25 became evident in the CA1 and hilar regions on post-ischemic day 6. In contrast, MHC class II (Ia) antigen was first detected on indigenous microglia by day 13. In some animals, the OX-8 antibody resulted in the labelling of scattered CD8-positive lymphocytes, but perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were absent. No changes in the expression of ED2 immunoreactivity on perivascular cells could be observed. The results show that following ischemic injury, microglial cells demonstrate a timedependent up-regulation and de novo expression of certain immunomolecules, indicative of their immunocompetence. The findings are compared with those obtained in other models of brain injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308474
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotypic analysis of infiltrating leukocytes and microglia in an experimental rat glioma (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 590-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunophenotyping ; Glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance and cellular distribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), as well as lymphocytic and macrophage antigens has been studied in a fully developed experimental rat forebrain glioma. Activated microglial cells and microglia-derived macrophages expressing CR3 complement receptor molecules and MHC class II (Ia) antigen were found throughout the tumor, and with increased density along the tumor's periphery. MHC class I antigen expression was entirely absent from tumor cells, and found only occasionally on microglia. The expression of leukocyte common antigen, and CD4 and CD8 antigens was conspicuous throughout the tumor, and associated with lymphocytes, perivascular cells, and microglia. Cells expressing the ED2 macrophage epitope were almost exclusively of the perivascular type and revealed a distribution dissimilar to that of cells positive for Ia antigen. The ED2 epitope was found sporadically on ramified microglial cells. The results show that despite heavy infiltration with blood mononuclear and CNS microglial cells, the tumor showed no evidence of destruction caused by inflammatory cells. Possible mechanisms of tumor immunosuppressive activity preventing the full immunological activation of microglia and blood mononuclear cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin staining of sheep microglia (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The B4-isolectin from Griffonia simplicifolia is known to stain microglial cells in a variety of species. The present report describes a lectin staining method that has been modified to facilitate staining of resting microglia, as well as perivascular cells, in vibratome sections of normal sheep brain. This modified method employs tissue fixed in formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and requires incubating sections with Triton X-100 prior to staining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269580
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains in relation to environmental stress and plant defense mechanisms (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1991), S. 170-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Competitiveness ; Inoculation ; Tropical soil ; Phytoalexins ; Environmental stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains (Ciat 151, Ciat 895, Ciat 899, CE3, H2C, Kim5s) were tested for nodule occupancy in different bean cultivars at two field sites (one fertile, one acid tropical soil) and in the greenhouse. The effects of several environmental factors such as low pH, high temperature, Al and Mn toxicity, iron deficiency, bean tannins, and bean phytoalexins were tested in vitro. Strain Kim5s was competitive under all tested conditions while strains CE3 and H2C had consistently low nodule occupancy levels. Strain Ciat 151 was superior to the other inoculant strains in the acid soil but competed poorly in the fertile soil. Strain Ciat 895 was more competitive in the fertile soil. There was a decline in nodule occupancy for all strains tested from the first trifoliate leaf stage to the pod-filling stage. No plant genotype effect on nodule occupancy was observed. There were significant (P〈0.05) plant genotype and location effects, but no significant strain effect on acetylene reduction activity, plant dry weight, and nodule number. The greenhouse experiments confirmed, at least partially, the results from the field trials. In Leonard jars with an acid soil, strains Ciat 151 and Kim5s were amongst the most competitive strains. In coinoculation experiments, Kim5s was the most competitive strain, followed by Ciat 899 and Ciat 895. The competitiveness of a given strain was affected by the coinoculant strain. Tolerance in vitro to low pH, high growth temperature, Al or Mn toxicity, or Fe limitation was not related to competitiveness of the inoculum strains. The sensitivity of the strains towards bean tannins or bean phytoalexins also was not correlated with their competitiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337197
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nodulation competitiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and Rhizobium tropici strains measured by glucuronidase (gus) gene fusion (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 140-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nodulation ; Competitiveness ; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli ; Rhizobium tropici ; Glucuronidase operon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The nodulation competitiveness of 17 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli and 3 R. tropici strains was analysed in growth pouches, at pH 5.2 and 6.4. All 20 strains were coinoculated with a gus + strain of R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain KIM5s. The gus+ phenotype, carrying the glucuronidase gene, was used to type nodules directly in the growth pouches. Nodule occupancy ranged from 4% for the least competitive to 96% for the most competitive R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain. The R. tropici strains showed low rates of nodule occupancy at pH 6.4 but their competitiveness improved significantly under acid conditions. CIAT 895 was the only R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strain that was less competitive (P〈0.05) at the lower pH. The competitiveness of all the other R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains was unaffected by pH. Various physiological and genetic properties of the strains were analysed in search of correlations with nodulation competitiveness. Hybridisation patterns with three different DNA probes (nif KDH, common nod genes, and hup genes) and the metabolism of 53 different C sources were compared. No general correlations were found between hybridisation or growth pattern and competitiveness. The less competitive R. tropici strains had a unique DNA hybridisation pattern and were not able to use shikimate, ferulate, coumarate, or asparagine as C sources. Most of the less competitive R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains could not metabolize either ferulate or coumarate. This might indicate a relationship between nodulation competitiveness and the ability to degrade aromatic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336264
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