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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryogenic bolometric radiometer and telescope (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and performance of an instrument to measure cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy on angular scales from 10' to 30' is reported. The instrument utilizes a single-mode waveguide bolometer cooled by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. This is the first time a 100 mK bolometer has been used in a CMB experiment. Observations of the CMB were made using this radiometer from the South Pole during the 1991–1992 season and, with minor modifications, during the 1992–1993 season. The radiometer is used with a fully steerable altitude-azimuth Cassegrain telescope built for this observation, also described here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145188
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the cooling phase of heat sterilization processes, using heat transfer coefficients (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 25 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model based on finite differences was presented, which improved the accuracy of current modelling techniques during the cooling period for conduction heating foods undergoing thermal processing. The surface heat transfer coefficient between can and cooling fluid was incorporated into the finite difference equations, with a value of 600 W m−2 K−1 chosen from literature and confirmed by calculations from surface temperature measurements and a correlation of the form Nu = f(GrxPr)n.Experimental results were obtained for a cylinder of Sylgard 184 elastomer (length 62mm, diameter 57mm) and a polypropylene block (26x91x141 mm). At the end of cooling the heat transfer coefficient model predicted a centre temperature just 2.5°C above the measured value for polypropylene, and for Sylgard 184 this difference was 2.7°C.This model will improve both real-time process control via the ‘derived-value’ technique, and the use of controlled pressure cooling with less damage to containers. Optimization of quality factors will also be improved with increased knowledge of in-container temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb01128.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine after supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade in patients with chronic renal failure (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The plasma concentrations of bupivacaine and the latency and duration of anaesthesia after supraclavicular block with 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine were measured in 10 patients with chronic renal failure and in 10 patients with normal renal function. No significant difference was found between the two groups in respect of pharmacokinetic parameters, or in block latency or duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09542.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BAM: Using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer to Measure Anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 688 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43978.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concluding Thoughts: Language Planning Issues for the Coming Decade (1994)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Annual review of applied linguistics 14 (1994), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0267-1905
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    Notes: As the review articles commissioned for this volume clearly indicate, the past two years (1992 and 1993) have been particularly rich ones for scholars concerned with language policy and language planning issues. As I reviewed these contributions, I was struck by the salience of five cross-cutting themes which seemed to underpin many of the articles-and indeed much of the current work by the profession. I propose to identify and comment briefly on each of these themes, and then to conclude by alluding to two relatively neglected areas of potential future concern. The five somewhat interrelated themes include: the role(s) of language policy or planning activities in foreshadowing or marking major world (political) events; the growing concern with ethnic revitalization; the correlates and consequences of continuing migration and mobility; the differential perceptions of the role of the mother tongue in primary education; and the potential contributions of language planning to educational and national development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0267190500002932
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confidence in modelling future climate: A Southern Hemisphere perspective (1991)
    Springer
    Climatic change 18 (1991), S. 195-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Climate models are essentially surrogates for the real system, in which experiments can be carried out. When these experiments attempt to simulate future climate, the results cannot be compared with the real atmosphere because they involve changes unique in recorded human history. Confidence indicators include model comparison with the real atmosphere for current climate representation and model intercomparison for future climate representation. From a Southern Hemisphere perspective general circulation models (GCMs) reveal some inadequacies in their representation of climate and differ significantly from each other in their response to a CO2 doubling. Representation of drought as a response to sea surface temperature anomaly is shown to be successful but strongly dependent on correct parameterization of land surface exchange processes. More attention to Southern Hemisphere representation is required, particularly because of the likely strong role of the oceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138997
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Down-regulation of two non-homologous endogenous tomato genes with a single chimaeric sense gene construct (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: down-regulation ; gene expression ; polygalacturonase ; pectinesterase ; chimaeric sense gene ; transgenic ; co-suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ailsa Craig) were transformed with a gene construct having 244 bp of the 5′ end of a polygalacturonase (PG) cDNA, coding for a 71 amino acid N-terminal extension to the mature protein, fused to 1320 bp of a pectinesterase (PE) cDNA encoding the full sequence of the mature PE protein. This chimaeric gene was inserted in a sense orientation between a CaMV 35S promoter and terminator for constitutive expression. In transformed tomato plants expression of the endogenous PG and PE genes in the fruit was inhibited; there was little or no observable PG and PE mRNA and a substantial reduction in the level of PG and PE enzyme activity. The transgene was expressed in the leaves of the transformed plants as demonstrated by the accumulation of mRNA, but no protein product could be identified. However, no transgene mRNA or protein were observed in the transgenic fruit. This paper represents the first report of the down-regulation of two non-homologous endogenous genes using a single gene construct. A sense gene construct was responsible for these effects. These findings are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of action of co-suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021414
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polygalacturonase expression during leaf abscission of normal and transgenic tomato plants (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscission (leaf) ; Leaf (abscission) ; Lyco persicon (abscission) ; Polygalacturonase ; Transgenic tomato (antisense RNA)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15), an enzyme commonly found in ripening fruit, has also been shown to be associated with abscission. A zone-specific rise in PG activity accompanies the abscission of both leaves and flowers of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Studies of transgenic plants expressing an antisense RNA for fruit PG indicate that although the enzyme activity in transgenic fruit is 〈 1 % of that in untransformed fruit, the PG activity in the leaf abscission zone increases during separation to a similar value to that in untransformed plants. The timing and rate of leaf abscission in transgenic plants are unaffected by the introduction of the antisense gene. A polyclonal antibody raised against tomato fruit PG does not recognise the leaf abscission protein. Furthermore a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone (pTOM6), which has been demonstrated to code for fruit PG, does not hybridise to mRNA isolated from the abscission-zone region of tomato leaves. These results indicate that the PG protein in abscission zones of tomato is different from that in the fruit, and that the gene coding for this protein may also be different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197577
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