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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of atomic oxygen with thin copper films (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 2318-2323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A source of thermal, ground-state atomic oxygen has been used to expose thin copper films at a flux of 1.4×1017 atoms/cm2 s for times up to 50 min for each of five temperatures between 140 and 200 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was used to characterize the oxide formed during exposure. The observations are consistent with the oxide phase Cu2O. The time dependence and the temperature dependence of the oxide layer thickness can be described using oxide film growth theory based on rate limitation by diffusion. Within the time and temperature ranges of this study, the growth of the oxide layers is well described by the equation L(T,t)=3.6×108 exp(−1.1/2kBT)t12, where L, T, and t are measured in angstroms, degrees Kelvin, and minutes, respectively. The deduced activation energy is 1.10±0.15 eV, with the attendant oxidation rate being greater than that for the corresponding reaction in molecular oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact resistance measurements on p-type 6H-SiC (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 384-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Specific contact resistance measurements are reported for Al-Ti ohmic contacts to epitaxial p-type 6H-SiC as a function of epitaxial doping. The circular transmission line method was used to measure the specific contact resistance including the sheet resistance of the epitaxial layer and the modified sheet resistance under the contact. Epitaxial layers with Al doping between 5.5×1015 and 2×1019 cm−3 yielded specific contact resistances between 2.9×10−2 and 1.5×10−5 Ω cm2. A good theoretical fit to the contact resistance data was obtained by assuming the metal-6H-SiC barrier height to equal 0.37 eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108964
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase determination and spatial distribution of an ion-beam mixed internal interface: Fe/Sn (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 3121-3131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion-beam mixing of tin on iron provides corrosion protection against high-temperature oxidation. Previous studies have been inconclusive as to the exact composition and distribution of alloys produced at the Fe/Sn interface. This study provides a detailed diagram of Fe-Sn specimens after ion-beam mixing with Ar+ at 40 keV and a dose of 5×1016 ions/cm2 . The interface was isotopically labeled with 7.5 nm of 57 Fe and 119 Sn so that dual perspective conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy could be performed. Analyses in this manner allowed comparison of 119 Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) and 57 Fe CEMS spectra to accurately assign spectral components which could not be conclusively assigned using a single CEMS perspective. Information from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry confirmed the layered nature of specimens prior to implantation and was used for depth determination of the mixed region after implantation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy also provided information after implantation. Data indicate the formation of a uniform amorphous surface during implantation resulting in a heterogeneous mixture of components consisting mainly of dilute tin in iron (approximately 8-at. % Sn) and FeSnx (x≈1). About 80% of the 37.5-nm tin overlayer was removed by sputtering. The components identified are somewhat more iron rich than previous assignments and illustrate the difference in surface structures resulting from various implantation parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345389
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride fibres for optical transmission (1990)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 22 (1990), S. 259-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Optical fibres made from heavy metal fluorides have been under development for much of the past decade. There have been significant advances in understanding the fundamental characteristics of these materials. Progress towards achieving low optical losses and in optimizing the design of fluoride fibres for use in long transmission systems is reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02189431
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prehospital thrombolysis in a rural community: Short- and long-term survival (1992)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 6 (1992), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: prehospital thrombolysis ; myocardial infarction ; streptokinase ; mobile coronary care unit ; delay time ; mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to assess the feasibility and outcome of using prehospital thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction in a rural community, we performed an open randomized study of patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction of less than 6 hours. One hundred and forty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction were allocated to receive IV streptokinase prehospital by means of a mobile coronary care unit (MCCU) (n=43) or to receive IV streptokinase in hospital (n=102). The mean delay time to treatment was 138 minutes (MCCU group) and 172 minutes (hospital group) (p〈0.02). Reperfusion time was 88 minutes for the MCCU group and 92 minutes for the hospital group. Mortality at 14 days was 2.3% for the MCCU group and 11.7% for the hospital group (p〈0.05). Six month mortality was 4.9% for the MCCU group and 17.3% for the hospital group (p=0.03). Mortality at 1 year was 6.1% for the MCCU group and 20.0% for the hospital group (p=0.04). There were no significant adverse events in either treatment group. Thus, prehospital thrombolysis by streptokinase is feasible and allows significant reduction in the delay time to treatment initiation. There are encouraging improvements in both short- and long-term survival with no apparent reduction in safety profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054183
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterizing soils for hazardous waste site assessments (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 30 (1994), S. 113-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides a review and justification of the minimum data needed to characterize soils for hazardous waste site assessments and to comply with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Scientists and managers within the regulatory agency and the liable party need to know what are the important soil characteristics needed to make decisions about risk assessment, what areas need remediation and what remediation options are available. If all parties involved in characterizing a hazardous waste site can agree on the required soils data set prior to starting a site investigation, data can be collected in a more efficient and less costly manner. Having the proper data will aid in reaching decisions on how to address concerns at, and close-out, hazardous waste sites. This paper was prepared to address two specific concerns related to soil characterization for CERCLA remedial response. The first concern is the applicability of traditional soil classification methods to CERCLA soil characterization. The second is the identification of soil characterization data type required for CERCLA risk assessment and analysis of remedial alternatives. These concerns are related, in that the Data Quality Objective (DQO) process addresses both. The DQO process was developed in part to assist CERCLA decision-makers in identifying the data types, data quality, and data quantity required to support decisions that must be made during the remedial investigation/feasibility study (RI/FS) process. Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response Activities: Development Process (US EPA, 1987a) is a guidebook on developing DQOs. This process as it relates to CERCLA soil characterization is discussed in the Data Quality Objective Section of this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545618
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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