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  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1925-1929
  • 1915-1919
  • 1910-1914
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1403-1406 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In polystyrene the major part of crosslinks is produced during irradiation in a “hot reaction”. 10% of the crosslinks are formed in a postreaction.A kinetic analysis of the experimental data showed the latter reaction to be first order. At larger storage times especially at higher temperatures the initial increase of crosslinks is followed by a decrease. This can only be explained if the crosslinks are formed during dissolution.We assume, that the posteffect is due to trapped cyclohexadienyl- and benzylradicals. The first order kinetics is ascribed to a transformation of cyclohexadienyl- to benzylradicals. By dissolution of the polymer after increasing storage time the reaction of cyclohexadienylradicals with benzylradicals, which leads predominantly to disproportionation, is replaced by recombination of two benzylradicals forming crosslinks. At higher temperatures and long storage times also benzylradicals must dissapear in the solid polymer by reactions not forming crosslinks.Additives like Anthracene and Naphthochinon suppress the posteffect.Based on the experimental results a reaction mechanism for the formation of crosslinks during irradiation and in the postreaction is proposed.
    Notes: Der Hauptteil der im Polystyrol radiolytisch erzeugten Kettenvernetzungen entsteht während der Bestrahlung im festen Polymeren. Es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, daß nach Bestrahlungsende das Reaktionsgeschehen noch nicht absgeschlossen ist, sondern eine Postreaktion stattfindet, über die etwa 10% der Vernetzungen gebildet werden.Die kinetische Analyse unserer Ergebnisse ergab, daß es sich hierbei um die Aufeinanderfolge zweier Teilreaktionen handelt, deren erste, zu Vernetzungen führende, dem Reaktionsgesetz erster Ordnung gehorcht. Dabei muß angenommen werden, daß die Vernetzungen der Postreaktion erst bei der Quellung des bestrahlten Polymeren im Lösungsmittel entstehen.Das Reaktionsgeschehen wird so gedeutet, daß in der ersten Teilreaktion eine Umwandlung von Cyclohexadienylradikalen in Benzylradikale erfolgt, für die bei der Quellung die Möglichkeit der Vernetzungsbildung besteht. Im Falle höherer Lagerzeiten und beim übergang zu höherer Temperatur muß für diese Benzylradikale jedoch eine nicht zu Vernetzungen führende Konkurrenzreaktion existieren. Als solche wird Doppelbindungsbildung in Betracht gezogen.Durch die Additive Anthracen und Naphthochinon wird die Postreaktion bei der angewandten Dosis unterdrückt. Dies führen wir zurück auf das Quenchen von angeregten Zuständen bzw. das Abfangen von Radikalen, insbesondere von thermischen H-Atomen.Gestützt auf die experimentellen Ergebnisse wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus für die Ausbildung von Kettenvernetzungen während der Bestrahlung und im Posteffekt gegeben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 19 (1985), S. 1181-1202 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The permeability characteristics of a water-segmented polyurethane (Biomer) system under the conditions encountered in circulatory-assist devices were investigated. A diffusion cell and permeability system providing precise control of membrane boundary conditions and allowing continuous measurement of water vapor transmission was designed. Liquid water at 37°C was used as the donor fluid and the system incorporated a constant-flow nitrogen carrier gas and an optical dew point sensor downstream to determine the water vapor mass flow rate as a function of time. The mass flow rate was then numerically integrated and plotted against time to allow calculation of effective diffusion coefficient (D) by the dynamic time lag method. Steady-state permeabilities were found to be insensitive to donor chamber hydrostatic pressure (50-200 mm Hg) indicating that bulk flow is not a transport mechanism in these membranes. The permeability coefficient (P) was independent of membrane thickness (H) over the four samples tested (0.0102, 0.0148, 0.0269, and 0.0366 cm), with an average value of 3.29 × 10-4cm2/s. Thus, diffusion was Fickian with negligible boundary layers. A plot of lag time versus H2 was linear (R = 0.98) yielding a value for D of 2.18 × 10-7cm2/s. A water-Biomer partition coefficient was determined for each sample with an average value of 1525, indicating a moderately hydrophilic membrane with a water sorption of 6.3% at 37°C. Since water transport is by Fickian diffusion in the absence of bulk flow, liquid water cannot be expected to accumulate in circulatory-assist devices unless a condensing surface is maintained within the system.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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