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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 98 (1987), S. 81-93 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Skull fracture in infants, preferred site ; Blunt impact ; Frühkindlicher Schädelbruch, Prädilektionsstellen ; Sturz-Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von früheren Untersuchungen ist bekannt, daß Biegsamkeit und Verschieblichkeit infantiler Kalottenknochen nicht ausreichen können, selbst bei unterschiedlich hartem Untergrund, Stürze aus niedriger Höhe frakturlos zu überstehen. Die Frakturlinien verlaufen bevorzugt durch die dünnen Zonnen des noch undifferenzierten, einschichtigen Desmalknochens. Durch umfangreiche Literaturstudien und anhand eigener Untersuchungen an den Kalotten von 80 Säuglingen und 2 Kleinkindern konnte festgestellt werden, daß für die Ossa parietalia eine Frakturpräferenz besteht. Angeborene Nahtspalten und Ossifikationsverzögerungen (Ossifikationsdefekte) bilden frakturgefährdete Schwachstellen in den einzelnen Kalottenschuppen. Diese „Ossifikationsdefekte“ sind vermehrt in den Ossa parietalia zu finden, können aber auch allein oder zusätzlich im Os frontale und im Os occipitale selbst noch im Kleinkindesalter vorkommen. Je nach Ausmaß und Lokalisation der Ossifikationsdefekte definiert man Lückenschädel, Leistenschädel und Weichschädel. Für die Lokalisation der sogenannten Ossifikationsdefekte ist eine Regelmäßigkeit nicht erkennbar. Die Diaphanie ermöglicht die Lokalisation von Ossifikationsdefekten.
    Notes: Summary Previous investigations on calvarial fractures in infants have shown that the flexibility and displacement of the infant calvarial are not sufficient to avoid fractures as a result of fall. From a table height onto hard ground — and in special cases, fractures cannot be avoided even after falls onto softly cushioned ground. The skull fractures are located in paper-thin, transparent, single-layer bone areas without diploe. The results of previous literature were compared with investigations of the skulls of 82 infants (from neonates up to infants 14 months of age). Congenital fissures, cranioschisis, locally retarded ossification in the cranium and craniotabes are all weak points where fracture has a tendency to occur even if the impact is minor. These ossification defects are increased in the ossa parietalia, but can also be found in the os frontale or in the os occipitale. The location is not always the same but can be detected by locating the skull transparency using diaphanoscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 29 (1988), S. 487-497 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Alloy ; oxidation ; platinum ; palladium ; rhodium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surfaces of Pt-45Pd-10Rh foils oxidized over the range 875–1075 K in a 20% O2-Ar mixture at atmospheric pressure were examined by Auger electron, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy. The composition of the oxide formed on the surface was found to vary with temperature from predominantly PdO at 875 K to PdRhO2 at 1075 K. Only a few atomic percent Pt was observed, present in both the metallic and (apparently) +1 oxidation states at 875 K and in the metallic state at 1075 K. The formation of PdRhO2 (and no Rh2O3) at 1075 K was found to persist upon reoxidation following a low-temperature reduction cycle in which the increased Rh concentration on the surface was retained. An oxidation-induced Rh enrichment of the surface of the alloy foil beyond 50 at. % does not appear likely within the temperature/pressure regime investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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