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  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the mixture of chloral oligomers prepared by initiation with lithium tert-butoxide were examined in detail. 1H and 13C NMR signals due to meso and racemo diastereomers of the dimer fraction were unequivocally assigned through the 13C-1H COSY spectrum and the 13C NMR spectra with low-power selective 1H-decoupling. The two-dimensional NOESY spectrum showed correlation peaks between the signals due to the methine (acetal) protons of the neighbouring chloral monomeric units of the most abundant isomers in the trimer and tetramer fractions. The 1H NOE enhancements and 3JCH coupling constants were measured for the dimers; the results confirmed the meso/racemo assignments based on earlier conformational analysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 1281-1308 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die kationische Polymerisation von Formaldehyd, höheren aliphatischen Aldehyden und Halogenaldehyden wird diskutiert. Die Polymerisation wird mit Lewis-Säuren und Brønsted-Säuren initiiert, wird aber beherrscht von der Tatsache, daß in fast allen Fällen die Polymeren ausfallen und aus der Lösung auskristallisieren. Die Folge ist, daß die Polymerisationen diffusionskontrolliert werden und dies in einigen Fällen sogar bei kleinen Umsätzen. Diese Erscheinung ist nicht auf die kationische Polymerisation beschränkt, doch kommt hier hinzu, daß die wachsenden Enden leicht okkludiert werden und kationische Initiatoren von dem ausfallenden Polymeren absorbiert werden. Die Morphologie und das Ausmaß der Quellung des ausgefallenen Polymeren spielt eine wichtige Rolle in bezug auf die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit und den Umsatz des Monomeren zum Polymeren. Wie zu erwarten, lassen sich aliphatische Aldehyde leichter als Halogenaldehyde mit kationischen Initiatoren polymerisieren; dies kann in dem Unterschied des Startmechanismus begründet sein.
    Notes: Cationic polymerizations of formaldehyde, higher aliphatic aldehydes and haloaldehydes are discussed. The polymerization is initiated by Lewis and Brønsted acids but is dominated by the fact that in almost all cases the polymers precipitate and crystallize from the solution. As a consequence the polymerizations become diffusion controlled sometimes even at low conversions. This phenomenon is not limited to cationic polymerization but additionally the growing ends are readily occluded and cationic initiators are adsorbed on the precipitated polymer. The morphology and the degree of swelling of the precipitated polymer plays an important role upon the rate of polymerization and conversion of monomer to polymer. As expected, polymerizations of aliphatic aldehydes are more readily carried out by cationic initiators than the polymerization of haloaldehydes; this may be caused by the difference in the initiation mechanism.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Optically active isotactic polychloral was prepared in which the optical activity comes exclusively from molecular asymmetry (i.e., helical conformation). Molecular asymmetry requires a high conformational energy barrier for the polymer backbone, and an asymmetric initiator to induce a predominance of one helical screw-sense. Polychloral meets the criteria. Asymmetric initiators used to obtain optically active polychloral include tetramethyl ammonium (+)- or (-)-0-acetylmandelate, tetramethylammonium (+)- or (-)-0-methylmandelate, the lithiumalkoxides of methyl (+)- or (-)-mandelate, lithium cholesten-3β-oxide, lithium cholestan-3β-oxide, and lithium (+)- or (-)-2-octanoxide. Using the above initiators at 0.5 mol %, a maximum specific rotation of [α] D25 = 5000 was obtained for polychloral. Errors in specific rotation were typically ±7%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 2051-2063 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2,6-dimethylphenyl ester of 10-undecenoic acid was copolymerized with 1-dodecene, 1-octene, 1-hexene, propylene, and ethylene using coordination initiation systems based on “aluminum-activated” titanium trichloride and dialkylaluminum chlorides. The copolymerizations with higher α-olefins proceeded smoothly and gave copolymers incorporating from 60 to 90% of the 10-undecenoate feed. Copolymerization with propylene gave incorporation of 5 mol % of 2,6-dimethylphenyl 10-undecenoate; with ethylene only 3 mol % of the ω-alkenoate was readily incorporated. All copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, dilute solution viscosity, and by their IR 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 25 (1987), S. 279-285 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 657-675 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of derivatives of ω-alkenoates were synthesized in preparation for the synthesis of functional polymers based on α-olefins. For the preparation of most of the methyl esters, the regular esterification of ω-alkenoic acids, specifically 10-undecenoic acid with methanol and sulfuric acid as the catalyst, was most effective. For the preparation of the tert-butyl- and 2-ethylhexyl esters of 10-undecenoic acid, the acid chloride route was found to be most convenient, whereas for the preparation of the corresponding esters of 5-hexenoic acid, our method of choice was the synthesis via the imidazolyl derivative of the acid. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 10-undecenoate and the 2,2-dimethyloxazolidine derivative of 10-undecenoic acid were prepared from the acid and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol or 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol with p-toluene sulfonic acid as the catalyst. Esters of phenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and 2,6-diphenylphenol were synthesized from 3-butenoic and 10-undecenoic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 677-700 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Esters of ω-alkenoic acids have been homopolymerized with transition metal initiating systems. The key to the successful polymerization was the complexation of the monomer prior to its addition to the initiating system. Titanium trichloride, aluminum activated, was found to be best as the transition metal part of the initiator systems, with diethyl-, or better, diisobutylaluminum chloride as the reducing agents and n-hexane or toluene as the solvents. Best results for polymerizations were obtained with 2,6-dimethylphenyl esters of the functional α-olefin monomers; however, other phenyl esters also polymerized well. Attempts to polymerize methyl 10-undecenoate gave the corresponding polymer in only low yields. Polymers of the 2,6-dimethylphenyl esters, obtained in high molecular weight, were characterized. Polymers were also obtained from 2,6-dimethylphenyl 7-octenoate, but not from ω-alkenoates with less than three methylene units between the ester group and the terminal olefin group.Poly(2,6-dimethylphenyl 10-undecenoate) was hydrolyzed in an aqueous sodium hydroxide/1,4-dioxane solution to poly(sodium 10-undecenoate) that in turn was neutralized with acetic acid to poly(10-undecenoic acid).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2059-2074 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acryloyl-type polymer fixing 1-β-carbonylethyl-5-fluorouracil residues through D-glucofuranoses via ester bonds was synthesized by means of polymerization of the corresponding monomer and polymer reaction. In order to provide the water-soluble objective polymer, the copolymerization of the acryloyl-type monomer with acrylamide was carried out. The extent of release of 5-FU residues from the copolymer was investigated in the enzyme or nonenzyme system in vitro. Furthermore, the antitumor activities of the water-insoluble homopolymer and water-soluble copolymer obtained were tested in vivo.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2327-2349 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of linear methyl ω-epoxyalkanoates of C-3 to C-10 carboxylic acids (0 to 7 methylene groups between oxirane ring and carbomethoxy group) was accomplished with a triethylaluminum/water/acetylacetone (1.0/0.5/1.0) initiator system to yield polymers of high molecular weight, apparently via a coordinative anionic mechanism. The rate of polymerization increased as the number of methylene groups between the oxirane ring and the carbomethoxy group increased, up to three methylene groups. When more than three methylene groups separate the polymerizable oxirane group and the carbomethoxy group, the rate of polymerization becomes essentially constant. The polymers were characterized by their infrared and 13C-NMR spectra, DSC, GPC, and inherent viscosity. The lower members of the series (ω-epoxyalkanoates of n 〈 3) gave polymers of lower molecular weight and wider-molecular-weight distribution (Mw/Mn 〉 2), while the higher members had molecular weight distributions between 1.5 and 2. The glass transition temperatures of the polymers also decreased from -26°C for n = 1 to around -50 to -55°C for n ≥ 3.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 10 (1972), S. 315-316 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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