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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 277 (1985), S. 484-488 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mechanical properties ; Repeated strain in vivo ; Time dependence of recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new method was developed to study the in vivo recovery of mechanical properties of rat skin after repeated strain. Full recovery, i.e., restitutio ad integrum, can be observed only in in vivo experiments but not in in vitro conditions. For the in vivo studies, tabs were fastened on the back skin of rats to test stress-strain behaviour both perpendicular and longitudinal to the body axis. Under anesthesia, skin was extended repeatedly 30 times to an elongation of up to 50% of the distance between the tabs. The experiment was repeated in the same animals at either 0.5, 1, 6, or 16 h. Differences depending on the direction of stretching versus body axis were observed during the first run. A decrease in stress values depending on the logarithm of the number of cycles was found, in both directions, to be attributable to the relaxation phenomenon. The measured stress values after 0.5, 1, and 6 h were considerably lower compared to the first run, thus indicating an incomplete recovery. After 16 h, an almost complete recovery was observed, so that, in perpendicular samples, even higher values were observed, thus indicating an overshooting of the repair mechanisms. The difficulties associated with obtaining appropriate physical and mathematical models for the mechanical properties of skin are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio ; Diffusing Capacity-Perfusion Ratio ; Inhomogeneous Lung Function ; Alveolar Gas Dilution Method ; Alveolar-Arterial Tension Differences ; Ventilations-Perfusions-Verhältnis ; Diffusionskapazitäts-Perfusions-Verhältnis ; Inhomogene Lungenfunktion ; Alveoläre Einmischung ; Alveolär-arterielle Druckdifferenzen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird die theoretische Begründung für ein Untersuchungsverfahren gegeben, das gleichzeitig die Inhomogenitäten des Ventilations-Perfusions-Verhältnisses $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ sowie des Diffusionskapazitäts-Perfusions-Verhältnisses $$D_L /\dot Q$$ in der menschlichen Lunge zu bestimmen erlaubt. Dazu müssen drei inspiratorisch angebotene Gase, die sich in ihren Diffusionseigenschaften unterscheiden, z.B. CO2, O2 und He, plötzlich in ihren Konzentrationen verändert und die nachfolgenden alveolären Einmischvorgänge fortlaufend verfolgt werden. Die Lösungen der Differentialgleichungen für die drei Einmischprozesse zeigen, daß deren Zeitkonstanten in unterschiedlicher Weise von der alveolären Ventilation $$\dot V_A $$ , der Lungendurchblutung $$\dot Q$$ und der DiffusionskapazitätD L abhängen. Aus den Zeitkonstanten lassen sich daher die funktionellen Verteilungen von $$\dot V_A ,\dot Q$$ undD L berechnen. Diese Verteilungskurven bilden dann die Grundlage für die Bestimmung der diagnostisch wichtigen Anteile der alveolär-arteriellen DruckdifferenzAαD für Sauerstoff und Kohlendioxyd. Auf diese Weise findet man dieAαD Distr. 1, die auf Verteilungsungleichmäßigkeiten von $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ zurückzuführen ist, ferner dieAαD Distr. 2, die von der Größe und Verteilung von $$D_L /\dot Q$$ abhängt, und schließlich die durch das Ausmaß der extrapulmonalen Kurzschlußdurchblutung bestimmteAαD sh .
    Notes: Summary The theoretical basis is given for an examination method, which, at the same time, enables the inhomogeneities of the ventilation-perfusion ratio, $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ , as well as the diffusing capacity-perfusion ratio, $$D_L /\dot Q$$ , in the human lung to be determined. In addition, the concentrations of three inspiratory gases with different diffusing characteristics, e.g. CO2, O2, and He, must be suddenly varied, and the subsequent alveolar mixing processes followed. The solutions of the differential equations for the three mixing processes show that their time constants depend to a varying degree on the alveolar ventilation, $$\dot V_A $$ , the lung perfusion, $$\dot Q$$ , and the diffusing capacity,D L . Hence, the functional distributions of $$\dot V_A ,\dot Q$$ , andD L , can be calculated from the time constants. These distribution curves then provide the basis for the determination of the diagnostically important components of the alveolar-arterial pressure difference,AαD, for oxygen and carbon dioxide. In this way, theAαD Distr. 1, which is to be attributed to distribution irregularities in $$\dot V_A /\dot Q$$ , theAαD Distr. 2, which depends upon the value and distribution of $$D_L /\dot Q$$ , and, finally, theAαD sh , determined by the degree of extrapulmonary shunt, can be found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 595-596 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 586-586 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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