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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 336 (1963), S. 368-382 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Male rats were subjected to acute stress by making them swim, prior to whichMetopiron (adrenostatic) was given, or unilateral adrenalectomy in addition had been done. A pronounced loss of lipoid occurred in the adrenal cortex, whereas the thyroid showed chiefly inactivation. The anterior lobe of the pituitary disclosed marked change only in the „thyrotropic“ system; after only seven hours of total experimentation there were homogenizations of the type „thyroidectomy cells“. From the studies it was concluded, that TSH and ACTH were formed in the “thyrotropic system” of the rat pituitary. Both substances, however, showed a different mechanism of secretion: whereas TSH was secreted in increased amounts in thyroxin deficiency, it was not stored in the anterior lobe. On the other hand, ACTH under conditions of stress was formed in increased amounts, stored and secreted. This was reflected in the variable content of granules in the thyrotropic system.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Männliche Ratten werden akuten Belastungen durch Schwimmen unterworfen, nachdem vorher das Adrenostaticum Metopiron gegeben oder zusätzlich einseitig adrenalektomiert worden war. In der Nebennierenrinde kommt es zu ausgeprägten Lipoidverlusten, während an den Schilddrüsen überwiegend Inaktivierung zu beobachten ist. Der HVL zeigt ausgeprägte Formwandlungen nur im „thyreotropen“ System, schon nach 7stündiger Gesamtversuchszeit sind Homogenisierungen vom Typ der „Thyreoidektomiezelle“ zu beobachten. Aus den Versuchen wird geschlossen, daß TSH und ACTH im „thyreotropen“ System der Rattenhypophyse gebildet werden. Beide Wirkstoffe zeigen aber einen differenten Sekretionsmechanismus: Während TSH im Thyroxin-Mangelzustand zwar erhöht sezerniert, aber im HVL nicht gespeichert wird, wird ACTH unter Stressbedingungen gleichzeitig erhöht gebildet, gespeichert und sezerniert, was sich im unterschiedlichen Granulagehalt des thyreotropen Systems widerspiegelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Caloric stimulation ; Microgravity ; Nystagmus ; Bárány ; Spacelab 1 ; Orbital flight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Response to caloric stimulation was examined in two subjects in the weightless environment of orbital flight. Using air insufflation, a binaural temperature stimulus profile was performed twice on each subject during flight. In all but one test, which was carried out on the first mission day, a caloric nystagmus was registered. This zero-g nystagmus was similar to ground-based pre and postflight responses with regard to its intensity, its temporal correlation with the stimulus profile (nystagmus was always directed towards the warmer ear) and the subjective sensations reported by the tested subjects. These findings demonstrate that mechanisms other than thermoconvection are involved in the elicitation of the caloric nystagmus response. At each stage of the temperature stimulus profile, linear acceleratory stimulation was presented in the form of oscillations in the X-axis. Some differences were found between one-g and zero-g conditions in the resultant modification of the nystagmus response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 19 (1987), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Sept essais portant sur 768 têtes ont été menés en Afrique du Sud et en Namibie pour tester l'efficacité de l'Ivermectine, parasiticide systémique, administré à la dose de 200 mg/kg/vif contre les agents des gales sarcoptiques (Sarcoptes scabiei var. bovis) Chorioptique (Chorioptes bovis) et psoroptique (Psoroptes ovis var.bovis). L'efficacité d'un traitement unique entre les Psoroptes et les Sarcoptes s'est révélee plus grande que contre les Chorioptes. La guérison clinique était bien visible dans tous les cas traités avec disparition des croûtes et repousse du poil. Le nombre de cas de gale psoroptique dans deux grands troupeaux dont 42,4% des animaux étaient cliniquement atteints avant tout traitement de masse, s'est trouvé réduit de 99,3% après une seule injection sous-cutanée d'Ivermectine. Seul un animal sur lequel des psoroptes ont été retrouvés n'a probablement pas été traité. Les auteurs discutent pour conclure de la prévalence apparente et des perspectives pour maítriser et éliminer la gale du bétail en Afrique du Sud et en Namibie.
    Abstract: Resumen Se llevaron a cabo siete ensayos, en un número total de 768 bovinos, en Africa del Sur y Namíbia, tendientes a evaluar la eficacia sistémica del parasiticida invermectina, administrado subcutáneamente, en dosis de 200 µg/kg contra sarcoptes (Sarcoptes scabiei var.bovis), corioptes (Chorioptes bovis) y soroptes (Psoroptes ovis var.bovis). La eficacia de un solo tratamiento fue mayor contra soroptes y sarcoptes que contra corioptes. Los animales tratados se curaron definitivamente, desapareciendo las costras y la alopécia. El número de casos de sarna soróptica en dos hatos grandes, en los cuales el 42.4% de 724 animales se encontraba afectado antes del tratamiento masivo, se redujo 99.3%, despues de una dosis sencilla subcutánea de invermectina. Se encontró solamente un animal afectado despues del tratamiento, el cual se crée no fue tratado. Se discute la prevalencia de sarna en sur Africa y Namibia y el posible control y erradicacion de la enfermedad.
    Notes: Summary Seven trials including 768 cattle were conducted in South Africa and Namibia to evaluate the efficacy of the systemic parasiticide ivermectin when administered subcutaneously at a dose rate of 200 µg/kg against sarcoptic (Sarcoptes scabiei var.bovis), chorioptic (Chorioptes bovis) and psoroptic (Psoroptes ovis var.bovis) mange mites. The efficacy of a single treatment againstPsoroptes andSarcoptes was greater than againstChorioptes. There was marked clinical cure in all treated cases with loss of crusts and hair regrowth. The number of cases of psoroptic mange in two large herds, of which 42.4% of 724 animals were clinically affected prior to mass treatment, was reduced by 99.3% following a single subcutaneous treatment with ivermectin; a single animal from which mites were recovered may not have been treated. The apparent prevalence and prospects for control and eradication of cattle mange in South Africa and Namibia are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Vestibular system ; Thermal stimulation ; Microgravity ; Orbital flight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the European Spacelab mission (SL1) in 1983, caloric testing was performed for the first time in long-term weightlessness. After 2 days into orbital flight an unequivocal caloric nystagmus was observed in both subjects tested which corresponded in both quality and intensity with that measured in one-g conditions on Earth. The subsequent D1 mission enabled the experiment to be repeated on further subjects and with improved measurement procedures. As with the SL1 findings, the observed caloric nystagmus response proved to be equivalent to that measured during baseline testing on Earth. Renewed consideration of peripheral and central mechanisms, which might be involved in the elicitation of the caloric response — both in one-g and zero-g environments — has led to the reopening of a number of associated issues. One important observation which has been addressed by various research groups concerns the influence of the labyrinth's orientation to the gravity vector on the caloric response. The present authors have examined a group of healthy subjects in various body positions in the sagittal plane. The interindividual variability in the response behavior was found to be high; indeed single cases were observed in which the nystagmus response did not invert from the supine to the prone positions. These findings are discussed together with earlier reports in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 245 (1988), S. 175-179 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Caloric nystagmus ; Parabolic flight ; Weightlessness ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Caloric testing was performed during parabolic flight at the NASA Reduced Gravity Facility in Houston, Texas. Six test subjects were stimulated with continuous unilateral air insufflation (25°R), in a manner similar to the experiments performed in the extended weightlessness of orbital flight during the SL1 and D1 Spacelab missions. Nystagmus response was recorded by electro-oculography and eye video image. It was the purpose of the experiments to re-examine the apparent discrepancy between the disappearance of caloric nystagmus during short episodes of weightlessness and the finding that caloric responses can be elicited during periods of extended weightlessness. The present results agree with those of earlier experiments in that a prompt reduction of caloric nystagmus occurs on transition from hypergravity (1.8 G) to weightlessness. The time constant of nystagmus decay was estimated to be approximately 2–3s, a value which cannot be explained by cupular mechanics. A central gating mechanism involving the labyrinthine canal and otolithic afferents is proposed for the observed modulation of caloric nystagmus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 61-64 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Posturography ; Cervical afferences ; Acute loss of vestibular function ; Neck Torsion ; Body sway direction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was performed to determine whether the predominant direction of body sway is influenced by changes of head-to-trunk position. A group of ten patients suffering from acute unilateral vestibular loss was compared with a group of ten healthy subjects. Body sway was assessed by measurement on a posture platform. Center-of-force stabilograms were recorded with the subjects' eyes closed. After a baseline interval in the normal head-to trunk orientation, the head was torsioflexed with respect to the trunk and the locus of the center-of-force further assessed over a defined interval. It was observed that the patient group manifested a systematic translation of the direction of body sway that was associated in a consistent manner with the unilateral deficit. This translation occurred synchronously with head torsioflexion and could also be reproduced when turning the trunk with the head fixed, so that a semicircular canal influence could be excluded. It appears that cervical proprioceptive input to the central vestibular system is responsible for the effect observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 75 (1963), S. 846-851 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Äthyl-äthoxy-aluminiumchlorid bildet ein Dimeres, das über Chloratome assoziiert ist, und ein Trimeres, bei dem die Assoziation über die Sauerstoffatome der Äthoxygruppen erfolgt. Beide Eigenkomplexe stehen miteinander im temperatur- und konzentrationsabhängigen Gleichgewicht. Sie unterscheiden sich durch ihre IR-Spektren, ihr Reaktionsvermögen und ihre Dichte. Bei der Herstellung aus Diäthylaluminiumchlorid und Äthylalkohol entsteht zunächst das Dimere, welches sich spontan in das Trimere umwandelt. Die Umwandlungsenthalpie beträgt  -  2,15 kcal/Mol.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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