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  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 1-26 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 48 (1942), S. 247-250 
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crown Thioether Complexes of Cobalt(III): Ligand Structure and Redoxreactivity. Crystal Structure, Electrochemistry, and Kinetics of the Electron Transfer Exchange Reactions of [Co(tacn)(ttcn)] Br3 · 3 H2O (tacn = 1,4,7-Triazacyclonone, ttcn = 1,4,7-Trithiacyclononane)Synthesis, crystal structure and redoxreactivity of [Co(tacn)(ttcn)]Br3 · 3 H2O (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, ttcn = 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane) are reported. Average Co—S and Co—N bond distances are 2.247 Å and 1.961 Å, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry revealed two reversible electron transfer waves at +0.01 V vs. NHE ([Co(tacn)(ttcn)]3+/2+) and at -1.15 V vs. NHE ([Co(tacn)(ttcn)]2+/1+) at 25°C, I = 0.1 M. Electron transfer self exchange rate constants, k11, M-1 s-1, have been determined for the couples [Co(tacn)(ttcn)]3+/2+, [Co(ttcn)2]3+/2+, and [Fe(tacn)2]3+/2+ to be 4.2 X 104 (25°C; I = 0,1 M); 1.6 X 105 M-1 s-1 (25°C; I = 0.2 M); 4.6 x 103 M-1s-1 (25°C, I = 0.05) M-1 s-1, respectively. k11 for [Co(ttcn)2]3+/2+ has been determined using 1H NMR line-broadening techniques; for [Co(tacn)(tten)]3+/2+ and [Fe(tacn)2]3+/2+ the kinetics of the cross-reactions ([Ru(NH3)6]2+, respectively) have been measured, and K11 was evaluated using the Marcus-cross-relationship.
    Notes: Synthese, Kristallstruktur und Redoxreaktivität von [Co(tacn)(ttcn)]Br3 · 3 H2O (tacn = 1,4,7-Triazacyclononan; ttcn = 1,4,7-Trithiacyclononan) werden beschrieben. Mittlere Co—S- und Co—N-Bindungsabstände werden zu 2,247 Å bzw. 1,961 Å bestimmt. Das Redoxpotential für [Co(tacn)(ttcn)]3+/2+ bei 25°C (I = 0,1 M) ist + 0,01, während es für das Paar [Co(tacn) (ttcn)]2+/1+ bei -1,15 V gegen NHE mittels der cyclischen Voltammetrie bestimmt wurde. Die Elektronenaustauschgeschwindigkeitskonstante, k11, M-1 s-1, für [Co(tacn)(ttcn)]3+/2+ wurde über die Messung der Kinetik der gekreuzten Redoxreaktionen zwischen [Co(tacn)(ttcn)]3+ und [[Ru(NH3)6]2+ mit Hilfe der Marcus-Gleichung bestimmt: 4,2 X 104 M-1 s-1 (25°C, I = 0,1 M). Für das analoge Komplexpaar [Co(ttcn)2]3+/2+ wurde diese Konstante durch 1H-NMR-Linienverbreiterungsmethoden direkt gemessen: k11 = 1,6 X 105 M-1 s-1 (25°C; I = 0,2 M). Für [Fe(tacn)2]3+/2+ wurde diese Konstante pulsradiolytisch bestimmt: 4,6 X 103 M-1 s-1 (25°C, I = 0,05M).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 551 (1987), S. 33-60 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrontransfer Barriers in CoN63+/CoN62+ Couples as a Function of the Ligand Structure. Correlations between the Structure and RedoxreactivityThe redox-reactivity of a series of CoN63+ complexes containing two saturated triamine ligands (open-chain and cyclic) has been systematically investigated. The perchlorate salts of 22 new amine complexes of the type [CoL2]3+ and [CoLL′]3+, where L and L′ represent different coordinated triamines, have been synthesized, their electronic spectra have been recorded and the redoxpotentials of CoN63+/2+ couples have been measured by use of cyclic voltammetry. The crystal structures of [Co(tacn)(dien)] I3, [Co(tacn)(etdien)] I3. H2O, and of [Co(budien)2]Br3. H2O (tacn = 1, 4, 7-triaza-cyclononane, dien = diethylenetriamine, etdien = N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(ethyl)-1, 2-ethanediamine, budien = N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(n-butyl)-1, 2-ethanediamine) have been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The kinetics of the outer-sphere reductions of 14 CoN63+ complexes by [V(OH2)6]2+ have been measured and the electron transfer self-exchange rate constants of CoN63+/2+ couples have been calculated by use of the Marcus equation. Structure-redox-activity correlations are discussed in the frame of the semiclassical Marcus-Sutin model.
    Notes: Die Redoxreaktivität einer Serie von CoN63+-Komplexen mit jeweils zweigesättigten Triaminliganden (offenkettige und cyclische) wurde untersucht. Es wurden die Perchloratsalze von 22 neuen [CoL2]3+-bzw. [CoLL′]3+-Komplexen (L, L′= Triamin) dargestellt, ihre Elektronenspektren vermessen und die Redoxpotentiale für die CoN63+/2+-Paare mittels der cyclischen Voltammetrie bestimmt. Die Kristallstrukturen von [Co(tacn)(dien)]I3, [Co(tacn)(etdien)] I3. H2O und [Co(budien)2] Br3. H2O (tacn = 1,4,7-Triazacyclononan; dien = Diethylentriamin, etdien = N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(ethyl)-1, 2-ethandiamin, budien = N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(n-butyl)-1, 2-ethandiamin) wurden durch Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalysen bestimmt. Die Kinetik der outer-sphere Reduktion von 14 CoN63+-Komplexen mit [V(OH2)6]2+ wurde gemessen und die Elektronenaustauschgeschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Paare CoN63+/2+ mittels der Marcus-Gleichung bestimmt. Struktur-Redoxreaktivitätbeziehungen werden im Rahmen des semiklassischen Marcus-Sutin-Modells diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Coordination Chemistry of Gallium(III) with Macrocyclic Ligands. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Di-μ-hydroxo-μ-acetato-bis[(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)gallium(III)] Triiodide · MonohydrateThe coordination chemistry of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L) and N,N′,N″-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L′) with gallium(III) has been investigated. Monomeric species LGaCl3 and L′GaCl3 have been isolated from nonaqueous solutions of GaCl3 and the respective amine. From alkaline, aqueous solutions of Ga(NO3)3, and the respective amine binuclear complexes have been isolated; [L2Ga2(OH)2(μ-OH)2](ClO4)2 · 5 H2O, [L2Ga2(μ-CH3CO2)(μ-OH)2]I3 · H2O. [L′2Ga2(μ-OH2CH3CO2)2](ClO4)4 · H2O was obtained from a methanolic solution of Ga(NO3)3 and NaCH3CO2. [L2Ga2(μ-OH)2(μ-CH3CO2)]I3 · H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a (Z = 4); two GaIII-centers are connected via two OH- and one acetato-bridge.
    Notes: Die Koordinationschemie der Liganden 1,4,7-Triazacyclononan (L) und N,N′,N″-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononan (L′) mit Gallium(III) wurde untersucht. Die monomeren Komplexe LGaCl3 und L′GaCl3 wurden aus nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmitteln erhalten. Aus alkalischer, wäßriger Lösung von Ga(NO3)3 und dem jeweiligen Amin konnten [L2Ga2(OH)2(μ-OH)2](ClO4)2 · 5 H2O, [L2Ga2(μ-CH3CO2)(μ-OH)2]I3 · H2O, zweikernige Komplexe, isoliert werden. Aus methanolischer Lösung wurde [L′2Ga2(μ-OH2)(μ-CH3CO2)2](ClO4)4 · H2O kristallin erhalten. [L2Ga2(μ-OH)2(μ-CH3CO2)]I3 · H2O kristallisiert monoklin P21/a mit Z = 4; zwei GaIII-Zentren sind über zwei OH- und eine Acetat-Brücke miteinander verknüpft.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Complexes Containing the Ligands Pyrazine-2, 6-dicarboxylate and Pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylate: Syntheses and Electrochemistry. Crystal Structure of NH4[RuCl2(dipicH)2]The coordination chemistry of the tridentate ligand pyrazine-2, 6-dicarboxylate (pyraz-2,6 = L) with transition metals in aqueous solution has been investigated. The reaction of the ligand with metal aqua ions (1:1) affords insoluble precipitates [MIIL(OH2)2] (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd). [TiOL(OH2)2], [VOL(H2O)2] and [UO2L(H2O)] were also prepared. [MIIIL2]- complexes (MIII = FeIII, CoIII) were isolated as NH4+ and P(C6H5)4+ salts; they are strong one electron oxidants (E1/2 = +0.602 V and +0.795 V vs. NHE, respectively). Redox potentials of analogous complexes containing pyridine- 2, 6-dicarboxylate (L′) ligands have been determined by cyclic voltammetry: [ML′2]1-/2-: M = VIII: -0.591 V; CrIII: -0.712 V.It is shown that pymzine-2,6-dicarboxylate as compared to pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate stabilizes metal complexes in low oxidation states (+II).The reaction of RuCl3 · nH2O with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid in aqueous solution affords the yellow-green anion [RuCl2(L′H)2]-. The crystal structure of NH4[RuCl2(L′H)2] has been determined. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.812(2) Å b = 10.551(2) Å, c = 10.068(2) Å, β = 110.03(6)°, Z = 2; 2507 independent reflections; R = 0.032. The ruthenium centers are in an octahedral environment of two Cl- ligands (trans) and two bidentate pyridine-2, 6-hydrogendicarboxylate ligands which possess each one protonated, uncoordinated carboxylic group.
    Notes: Die Komplexchemie des dreizähnigen Liganden Pyrazin-2, 6-dicarboxylat (pyraz-2, 6 = L) mit Übergangsmetallen in wäßriger Lösung wurde untersucht. Umsetzung der Aquametall(II)-Komplexe mit dem Liganden (1:1) ergibt schwerlösliche Niederschläge [MIIL(OH2)2] (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd). Auch [TiOL(OH2)2], [VOL(H2O)2] und [UO2L(H2O)] wurden als schwerlösliche Niederschläge erhalten. Komplexe des Typs [MIIIL2]-(FeIII, CoIII) sind sehr starke Oxydationsmittel, ihre Redoxpotentiale wurden zu +0,602 V bzw. +0,795 V (gegen NHE) durch zyklische Voltammetrie und potentiometrische Titration bestimmt. Die Redoxpotentiale der analogen Komplexe mit dem Pyridin-2, 6-dicarboxylat Liganden (L′) wurden erstmals vermessen: [ML′2]-1/-2: M = VIII: -0.59 V; CrIII: -0,71 V. Es wird gezeigt, daß der Ligand Pyrazin-2, 6-dicarboxylat, verglichen mit Pyridin-2, 6-dicarboxylat, Übergangsmetalle in der Oxydationsstufe +II gegenüber +III stark stabilisiert.Die Reaktion von RuCl3 · nH2O mit Pyridin-2, 6-dicarbonsäure (pH 3) führt zum Anion [RuCl2(L′H)2]-, das als gelb-grünes NH4+-Salz erhalten wurde. Das Salz kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe P21/c mit a = 8,812(2) Å, b = 10,551(2) Å, c = 10,068(2) Å, β = 110,03(6)° mit Z = 2; 2 707 unabhängige Reflexe; R = 0,032. Ruthenium ist oktaedrisch von zwei Cl- (trans) sowie zwei zweizähnigen Pyridin-2, 6-hydrogendicarboxylat-Liganden umgeben, die jeweils eine nicht komplex gebundene protonierte Carboxylgruppe besitzen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Complexes of Chromium Containing 1,5,9-Triazacyclododecane: Synthesis, Magnetism, and Crystal Structure of Tri-μ-hydroxo-bis[(1,5,9-triazacyclododecane) chromium (III)] tribromide · Dihydrate; Kinetic and Mechanism of its Bridge-cleavage with HydroxideThe oxidative decarbonylation of LCr(CO)3 (L = 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane) with bromine yields green LCrBr3. Base hydrolysis affords red [LCr(μ-OH)3CrL]3+, whereas in the presence of acetate ions [L2Cr2(μ-OH)2(CH3CO2)]3+ is formed. [LCr(μ-OH)3CrL]Br3· 2 H2O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with 8 formula units per unit cell. Two CrIII centers are connected via three OH- bridges; the spins of d3-electronic configuration are coupled intramolecularly, antiferromagnetically (2J = -96 cm-1). With excess OH- but not with protons the tri-μ-hydroxo species is cleaved to give [L2Cr2(OH)2(μ-OH)2]2+. The kinetics of this reaction have been measured using the stopped flow technique. The mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: Oxydative Decarbonylierung von LCr(CO)3 (L = 1,5,9-Triazacyclododecan) mit Brom liefert grünes LCrBr3, dessen alkalische Hydrolyse rotes [LCr(μ-OH)3CrL]Br3·2 H2O ergibt, in Gegenwart von Acetationen aber [L2Cr2(μ-OH)2(μ-CH3CO2)]3+·Bei [LCr(μ-OH)3CrL]Br3·2 H2O (P212121, Z = 8) sind 2 CrIII-Zentren durch drei OH-Brücken verknüpft. Die Spins der d3-Elektronenkonfiguration sind intramolekular antiferromagnetisch gekoppelt (2J = -96 cm-1). Mit überschüssigen OH--Ionen (nicht aber mit H+) tritt eine Spaltung zu [L2Cr2(OH)2(μ-OH)2]2+ ein (2J = -16 cm-1). Die Kinetik wurde mit einer Strömungsapparatur gemessen; der Mechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crown Thioether Complexes of Lead (II), Zinc(II), and Cadmium (II). Crystal Structures of [PbL2(ClO4)2] and [ZnL2](ClO4)2 · CH3CN (L = 1,4,7 - Trithiacyclononane)The reaction of 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane (L) with the perchlorate salts of lead(II) and zinc(II) in CH3CN (2:1) affords colorless crystals of [PbL2(ClO4)2] and [ZnL2](ClO4)2 · CH3CN, respectively, The crystal structures have been determined. The PbII centre is coordinated to six sulfur atoms (the average distance Pb—S is 3.076 Å) and two oxygen atoms, one of each ClO4- anion (monodentate ClO4-). A distorted square antiprismatic polyhedron is thus generated. In [ZnL2](ClO4)2 · CH3CN the zinc(II) centre is octahedrally surrounded by six sulphur atoms (average distance Zn—S = 2.494 Å); the ClO4- anions are not coordinated. For[CdL2](ClO4)2 · H2O an analogous structure is proposed.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von 1,4,7-Trithiacyclononan (L) mit den Perchloratsalzen des Blei(II) und Zink(II) in CH3CN (2:1) führt zu den farblosen Salzen [PbL2(ClO4)2] und [ZnL2](ClO4)2 · CH3CN. Die Kristallstrukturen wurden bestimmt: Das PbII-Ion ist von 6 Thioether-schwefelatomen (mittlerer Abstand Pb—S 3,076 Å) sowie zwei O-Atomen von jeweils einem ClO4-Anion (einzähnig koordiniertes ClO4-) umgeben, wodurch ein verzerrt quadratisch antiprismatisches Koordinationspolyeder am PbII erzeugt wird.Im [ZnL2](ClO4)2 · CH3CN ist das ZnII oktaedrisch von sechs Schwefelatomen umgeben (mittlerer Abstand Zn—S = 2,494 Å); die ClO4--Anionen sind nicht koordiniert. Für [CdL2](ClO4)2 · H2O, das ebenfalls dargestellt wurde, wird eine analoge Struktur vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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